HISTORY 

of  the  WOMEN'S  MISSION- 
ARY    ASSOCIATION 


JUBILEE    EDITION 


tihxaxy  of  €he  trheolo^icd  ^tminavy 

PRINCETON  •  NEW  JERSEY 
PRESENTED  BY 

Rufus  H.  LeFevre 


RUr 


-:? 


Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford 

President  of  the  Women's  Missionary  Association. 

Serving  since  1875  as  General  Secretary, 

Editor  of  Evangel  or  President. 


HISTORY 

of 

The  Women's  Missionary 
Association 

of  the 
United  Brethren  in  Christ 


By. 

Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford 

and 
Alice  E.  Bell 


1411  U.  B.  BUILDING 

DAYTON,  OHIO 

1921 


List  of  Illustrations 

Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford Frontispiece 

Miss  Lizzie  Hoffman 10 

Some  Pioneers  of  1872 11 

Mrs.   G.   Fritz 20 

The  National  Presidents 28 

Map  of  Sierra  Leone 54 

Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike 58 

First  Chapel  at  Rotifunk 59 

Martyrs   Memorial  Church 59 

Map  of  South  China 1^ 

The  Elizabeth  Kumler-Miller  Seminary  for  Girls 84 

Entrance  to  the  Coover  Dispensary 85 

Map  of  the  Philippine  Islands 97 

The  Young  Women's  Bible  Training  School 110 

Five    Deaconesses 110 

Vera  B.  Blinn 128 

Map  of  Japan 112 

Japan   Mission   Conference 111 

Map  of  Porto  Rico 122 

Sunday  School,  Ponce,  Porto  Rico 126 

Girls'  Boarding  School,  Santa  Cruz 127 

Map  of  Home  Missions 132 


FOREWORD 

In  a  review  of  fifty  years  confined  to  so  brief  a 
story  as  this  little  volume  contains,  many  interesting 
facts  must  be  necessarily  omitted.  The  hand  of  God 
is  clearly  seen  in  the  work  of  the  half  century  and  as 
we  pause  at  this  Jubilee  time  we  exclaim  with  the 
Psalmist  ''The  Lord  hath  done  great  things  for  us, 
whereof  we  are  glad.'' 

The  early  leaders  of  our  Association  represented 
some  of  the  best  minds  of  their  day.  Very  few  had 
enjoyed  even  a  brief  period  of  college  training.  Those 
were  days  of  limited  opportunities,  little  wealth,  mea- 
ger literature,  weak  churches  and  an  untried  way 
ahead.  But  they  were  women  of  a  deep  religious  ex- 
perience and  an  unshakable  faith  in  God.  The 
W'omen's  Missionary  Association  stands  on  a  founda- 
tion of  consecrated  personalities. 

It  is  not  a  human  organization,  but  part  of  a  divine 
plan  which  calls  for  the  continued  consecration  of 
lives  and  service  until  the  crown  be  won — His  Crown 
be  won. 

It  is  a  matter  of  unusual  significance  that  one  of 
the  authors  of  this  History — Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford,  has 
spanned  all  but  three  of  the  fifty  years  in  active  official 
service  and  is  still  our  honored  leader.  She  is  not  re- 
sponsible for  the  use  of  her  pictures  in  this  History. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2009  with  funding  from 

Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


http://www.archive.org/details/historyofwomensmOOharf 


THE  WOMEN'S  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 
OF  THE  UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST. 

The  women  of  the  Protestant  churches  of  the 
United  States  first  responded  to  the  appeals  of  returned 
missionaries  to  give  active  sympathy  and  cooperation 
in  giving  the  Gospel  to  women  and  children  of  non- 
Christian  lands  by  organizing  societies  in  the  late  six- 
ties and  early  seventies. 

This  general  movement  began  with  small  groups 
in  churches  meeting  for  prayer — which  led  to  a  desire 
to  interest  others  in  active  service  —  growing  into 
organization. 

In  line  with  the  other  denominations,  the  women 
of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ  were  enlisted. 

Ohio  German  women  organize.  The  earliest  rec- 
ord of  organized  effort  is  *'The  Sisters'  Missionary 
Society"  of  the  Ohio  German  Conference,  May,  1869. 

Meetings  for  prayer  were  held  quarterly  in  local 
churches.  Contributions  and  reports  were  made  to  the 
annual  conference,  the  conference  disbursing  the  funds 
for  the  support  of  German  missions  within  the  confer- 
ence. In  the  four  years  to  1872-73,  the  average  mem- 
bership per  year  was  241.  The  total  contributions  were 
$1,148.95. 

Rev.  E.  Lorenz,  of  Parkersburg,  West  Virginia, 
was  supported  as  their  missionary. 


8  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Organisation. 

The  organization  of  the  Women's  Missionary 
Association  first  took  form  in  the  heart  and  mind  of 
one  woman.  Miss  Lizzie  Hoffman  (afterward  Mrs. 
Derrickson)  was  burdened  with  the  need  of  a  deeper 
consecration  in  her  own  life,  and  the  answer  to  her 
prayer  was  the  question,  *'Are  you  willing  to  go  to 
Africa?"  She  felt  unqualified  for  this  work,  and  it 
became  a  burden  that  was  almost  unbearable  during 
the  year  that  followed.  One  evening,  taking  her  Bible, 
she  went  to  her  room  and  spent  the  night  in  prayer.  It 
was  nearly  dawn  when  the  burden  rolled  off  and  she 
could  say,  "Lord,  use  me  as  it  seemeth  to  thee  good." 
Soon  she  became  impressed  that  the  women  of  our 
Church  should  be  organized  for  special  work  for  mis- 
sions. She  consulted  Rev.  John  Kemp,  who  at  once 
became  interested. 

Personal  visitations  were  made  among  the  women 
in  the  Dayton  churches  and  a  general  call  was  issued 
to  the  women  and  ministers  of  the  Miami  Conference 
to  meet  in  Home  Street  Church  (now  Euclid  Avenue) 
on  May  9,  1872,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing. 

Miami  organizes.  The  call,  which  was  issued  in 
the  Telescope,  had  a  good  response,  and  a  meeting  of 
unusual  interest  and  significance  was  held.  Dr.  G.  A. 
Funkhouser,  of  The  Bonebrake  Theological  Seminary, 
was  chosen  chairman  of  the  convention.  He  stated  the 
object  of  the  meeting,  and,  after  prayer  and  thorough 
discussion,  an  organization  was  effected  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers  elected : 

President,  Mrs.  T.  N.  Sowers;  Vice  President, 
Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike;  Secretary,  Miss  Katie  Ells;  Corre- 


Organization  9 

spending  Secretary,  Miss  Lizzie  Ilofifman  ;  Treasurer, 
Mrs.  L.  Davis;  Directors,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Shuey,  Mrs. 
H.  K.  Hoffman,  Mrs.  H.  Schenck,  Mrs.  G.  Bocla. 

Constitution  adopted.  The  following  preamble  to 
the  constitution  adopted  at  that  meeting  indicates  the 
spirit  and  purpose  of  those  pioneer  women. 

"Believing  that  the  promulgation  of  the  gospel  of 
Jesus  Christ  throughout  the  world  depends  upon  the 
success  of  Christian  missions,  and  that  the  responsi- 
bility of  this  success  devolves  upon  all  Christians,  we 
therefore  do,  in  obedience  to  the  command  of  our  risen 
Lord  and  Savior,  *Go  ye  into  all  the  world  and  preach 
the  gospel  to  every  creature,'  in  convention  assembled 
at  the  United  Brethren  Summit  Street  Church,  in  the 
city  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  on  the  ninth  day  of  May,  1872, 
pursuant  to  proper  notice  given  through  the  Religious 
Telescope,  hereby  in  the  name  of  the  divine  Master, 
and  moved,  we  trust,  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  organize  our- 
selves into  a  missionary  association  by  the  adoption  of 
the  following  constitution." 

Their  constitution  became  the  model  for  all  suc- 
ceeding Branch  organizations. 

This  conference  organization  held  quarterly  meet- 
ings, and  their  full  reports,  published  in  the  Telescope, 
indicate  great  interest  and  enthusiasm.  This  was  not 
a  spasm,  and  when,  at  the  close  of  the  first  year,  some 
women  thought  their  membership  terminated  and  their 
duty  was  fulfilled,  one  of  the  leaders  published  a  chal- 
lenging ultimatum :  "When  there  are  no  more  souls  to 
be  saved  through  the  gospel,  no  more  lost  sheep  to 
hunt  up  and  bring  into  Christ's  fold,  then,  and  not  till 


10  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

then,  does  your  membership  expire — or  until  the  Mas- 
ter calls  from  labor  to  rest." 

At  the  close  of  the  first  year,  from  July  20,  1872,  to 
August  13,  1873,  there  were  reported  twenty-five  soci- 
eties with  an  approximate  membership  of  500  and  re- 
ceipts of  $322.35.  .Miss  Lizzie  Hofifman,  corresponding" 
secretary,  was  employed  as  organizer,  but  after  serving 
about  fourteen  months  she  resigned  because  of  illness 
in  her  home  which  made  it  necessary  for  her  to  leave 
Ohio. 

California  organizes.  An  announcement  in  the 
Telescope  from  Dr.  D.  K.  Flickinger  reported  the 
organization  of  the  women  of  California  Conference  on 
May  8,  1872,  one  day  earlier  than  the  date  announced 
for  Miami  Conference,  but  no  further  report  of  their 
w^ork  was  recorded. 

The  General  Conference  of  1873  took  special  note 
of  this  new  movement  among  the  women  of  the 
Church.  The  Bishop's  quadrennial  address  to  that  body 
includes  the  following  paragraph : 

"The  Women's  Missionary  Association,  but  re- 
cently started,  bids  fair,  with  proper  management,  to 
become  an  important  auxiliary  to  the  general  cause. 
The  General  Conference  will  be  expected  to  make  some 
recognition  of  this  Association  and  give  it  such  encour- 
agement as  its  importance  demands." 

Dr.  D.  K.  Flickinger,  secretary  of  the  General 
Board  of  Missions,  included  the  following  recommen- 
dation in  his  report  to  the  Conference :  "Give  the  Wom- 
en's Missionary  Movement  in  our  Church  a  favorable 
recognition  and  encourage  the  organization  of  societies 


Miss  Lizzie  Hofifman 

In  whose  heart  was  born  the  first  conception  of 
the  Women's  Missionary  Association. 


Mrs.  L.  Davis 


Miss  Katie  Ells 


Some  Pioneers  of  1872 


Organization  11 

in  all  the  annual  conferences,  the  same  to  be  auxiliary 
to  the  conference  to  which  they  belong." 

Encouraged  by  General  Conference.  The  Com- 
mittee on  Missions  at  the  General  Conference  consid- 
ered the  matter  and  reported :  "Your  committee  is 
pleased  to  learn  that  God  has  put  it  into  the  hearts  of 
many  of  the  devoted  women  of  the  Church  to  organize 
women's  missionary  associations  in  the  various  annual 
conferences ;  and  we  mention  it  to  the  special  credit  of 
the  women  of  the  Miami  Annual  Conference  that  they 
were  the  first  in  the  whole  denomination,  so  far  as 
known,  to  organize  an  association  and  commence  oper- 
ations ;  therefore 

"Resolved,  That  we  recommend  their  zeal  and  en- 
terprise in  this  good  work  to  the  favorable  considera- 
tion of  the  v/omen  of  the  Church  in  all  our  annual  con- 
ferences." 

The  women  of  the  White  River  Conference  were 
the  next  to  fall  into  line.  They  were  organized  Novem- 
ber 24,  187v3,  at  Williamsburg,  Indiana.  It  was  inevit- 
able that  the  organization  of  a  central  board  should 
soon  follow. 

When  Mrs.  M.  B.  Hadley  returned  from  Africa  in 
1874,  she  was  appointed  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Women's  Missionary  Association  of  Miami  Confer- 
ence. She  devoted  practically  all  her  time  to  the  visi- 
tation of  churches  in  the  interest  of  women's  work. 
She  organized  societies  and  advocated  that  the  women 
support  their  own  missionary  in  Africa. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Home,  Frontier,  and  Foreign 
Mission  Board  in  May,  1875,  members  of  the  Women's 
Missionarv  Association  of  Miami  Branch  were  invited 


12  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

to  take  part  in  the  discussions.  A  committee  consist- 
ing of  Bishops  Glossbrenner,  Edwards,  and  Dr.  W.  J. 
Shuey  was  appointed  to  consult  with  the  officers  of  the 
Branch  concerning  the  future  development  of  women's 
work  in  the  denomination  and  its  relation  to  the  Gen- 
eral Board  of  the  Church. 

The  following  was  their  report : 

1.  We  recognize  in  our  Christian  women  an  es- 
sential aid  in  the  prosecution  of  our  missionary  enter- 
prises, and  we  therefore  assure  our  sisters  in  Christ 
that  any  proper  measures  of  cooperation  in  our  work, 
adopted  by  them,  will  receive  our  hearty  approval. 

2.  We  advise  our  Christian  women  to  organize, 
at  an  early  period,  a  general  women's  missionary  so- 
ciety to  be  auxiliary  to  this  Board. 

3.  To  render  their  work  more  successful,  it  will 
doubtless  be  wisest  in  them  to  propose  some  field  or 
fields  in  which  they  desire  to  sustain  one  or  more  mis- 
sionaries. Also,  to  nominate  a  person  or  persons  to 
occupy  such  fields  or  field,  which  proposed  fields  and 
laborers  shall  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board 
of  Missions  or  the  Executive  Committee. 

On  compliance  with  these  conditions,  this  Board 
agrees  to  aid  them  in  the  support  of  such  laborers,  pro- 
vided their  funds  are  insufficient  to  do  so. 

4.  We  invite  the  sisters  of  such  society  to  meet 
with  the  Board  in  its  annual  sessions  and  to  participate 
in  its  counsels  in  relation  to  our  work. 

Through  a  number  of  articles  in  the  Telescope, 
Rev.  D.  K.  Flickinger,  secretary,  and  Rev.  J.  W.  Hott, 
treasurer  of  the  Home,  Frontier,  and  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society,  urged  the  calling  of  a  general  meeting  for 


Organization  13 

the  purpose  of  org-anizing  a  Woman's  Board  of  Mis- 
sions. 

General  meeting  called.  In  September  of  1875,  a 
meeting  was  called  in  First  Church,  Dayton,  Ohio,  to 
consider  the  issuing  of  a  call  for  such  a  general  meet- 
ing. Only  six  women  responded — Mrs.  T.  N.  Sowers, 
Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Shuey,  Mrs.  L.  R.  Keister 
(Harford),  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lanthurn,  and  Mrs.  L.  Davis. 
Some  of  them  were  faint-hearted  and  timid,  and  felt 
that  they  could  not  do  a  work  similar  to  that  done  by 
women  in  sister  denominations,  but  Mrs.  Sowers  had 
been  convinced  that  God  was  calling  the  women  of  our 
Church  to  larger  responsibilities,  and  she  replied, 
"Others  cannot  do  our  work.  If  God  calls,  dare  we 
falter?"  As  a  result  of  this  meeting,  a  call  was  issued 
through  the  Telescope  of  September  29,  1875,  as  fol- 
lows: 

"For  the  purpose  of  creating  a  greater  interest  and 
zeal  in  the  cause  of  missions,  and  laboring  more 
directly  in  the  work  of  the  divine  Master  by  bringing 
into  more  active  and  efficient  service  the  sisters  of  the 
Church,  a  call  is  made  for  a  Woman's  Missionary  Con- 
vention to  meet  in  the  First  U.  B.  Church  in  Dayton, 
Ohio,  Thursday,  October  21,  1875,  at  ten  o'clock  a.m. 
It  is  expected  and  greatly  desired  that  all  delegates 
appointed  by  the  late  annual  conference  be  present  to 
assist  in  effecting  a  more  thorough  organization.  It  is 
furthermore  desired  that  the  convention  shall  partake 
largely  of  the  nature  of  a  mass  meeting.  We  therefore 
invite  all  persons  interested  in  this  work  to  be  present. 

"The  society  feels  that  for  the  time  it  has  been  in 
operation,    notwithstanding    the    difficulties    and    hin- 


14  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

drances  incident  to  all  new  organizations,  it  has  much 
to  encourage.  It  feels  that  a  great  and  glorious  work 
lies  in  the  future  for  it  to  accomplish.  Come,  then,  we 
say  to  our  sisters  abroad ;  come  one,  come  all,  and  join 
in  the  accomplishment  of  this  object. 

"All  delegates  and  others  will  please  report  (on 
their  arrival)  at  the  Telescope  office,  where  they  will 
be  cordially  received  and  waited  upon  to  homes  as- 
signed them." 

Many  annual  conferences  at  their  fall  sessions 
passed  resolutions  approving  and  pledging  support  to 
the  movement,  and  appointed  women  as  delegates  to 
the  meeting  in  Dayton. 

National  Board  organized.  The  call  was  answered 
by  nine  conferences ;  Miami,  Scioto,  Sandusky,  Michi- 
gan, Indiana,  and  Western  Reserve  sent  delegates ; 
Lower  Wabash,  Virginia,  and  Allegheny  were  repre- 
sented by  women  living  in  Dayton,  whose  husbands 
were  members  of  these  conferences.  Letters  of  encour- 
agement were  received  from  delegates  appointed  by 
several  other  conferences,  but  who  were  unable  to  at- 
tend. Two  days,  October  21  and  22,  1875,  were  spent 
in  faithful,  prayerful  work.  A  constitution  that  had 
been  previously  published  was  discussed,  amended,  and 
adopted,  and  ''The  Woman's  Missionary  Association" 
was  organized  and  the  following  officers  elected : 

President,  Mrs.  T.  N.  Sowers ;  Vice  Presidents, 
Mrs.  Z.  A.  Colestock;  Mrs.  M.  (Hadley)  Bridgeman ; 
Mrs.  S.  Haywood ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs. 
L.  R.  Keister  (Harford)  ;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs. 
D.  L.  Rike;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Shuey. 


Organization  15 

Miami  Branch  paid  its  funds  of  more  than  $300 
into  the  treasury  of  the  General  Association. 

First  Board  meeting.  The  first  annual  meeting  of 
the  Board  was  held  in  First  Church,  Dayton,  Ohio,  in 
May,  1876.  Nine  delegates  representing  five  annual 
conferences  were  present.  It  was  the  conviction  of  all 
who  attended  this  meeting  that  the  work  of  the  Asso- 
ciation should  be  among  the  women  and  children  of 
non-Christian  lands,  and  it  was  voted  that  "the  funds 
now  in  the  treasury  be  used  for  the  founding  and  sup- 
port of  a  mission  school  in  Africa." 

The  meeting  of  the  Board  held  in  May,  1877,  was 
significant  in  that  it  provided  for  the  permanency  of 
the  organization.  Only  six  delegates  from  Miami, 
Scioto,  and  Sandusky  Branches  were  present.  They 
reported  eighteen  locals  with  approximately  300  mem- 
bers. The  sum  of  $756.69  was  reported  by  the  treas- 
urer. At  this  meeting  Mrs.  A.  L.  Billheimer,  who  was 
the  first  woman  to  be  sent  as  a  missionary  from  our 
Church,  had  returned  from  Africa,  and  was  appointed 
organizer  for  the  Association.  Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike  and 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Billheimer  were  appointed  to  represent  the 
Board  at  the  General  Conference  of  1877.  They,  with 
Mrs.  L.  R.  Keister  (Harford),  were  requested  to  pre- 
pare a  memorial  to  the  Conference  asking  that  they 
authorize  the  Woman's  Missionary  Association  and 
give  it  a  recognized  place  among  the  boards  of  the 
Church. 

Authorized  by  General  Conference.  These  women 
were  cordially  received  by  the  Conference  and  a  special 
time,  both  at  an  evening  and  morning  session,  was  set 
apart  in  which  to  present  their  cause. 


16  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

All  opposition,  which  had  been  bitter  on  the  part 
of  some,  seemed  to  melt  away  and  by  a  rising  vote  on 
the  following  resolution  the  Association  was  unani- 
mously endorsed : 

''This  Association  comes  to  us  to  be  recognized  by 
the  General  Conference  as  the  helpmeet  of  the  Home, 
Frontier,  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

"We  recommend,  therefore,  the  recognition  of  this 
relation  by  the  ratification  of  their  constitution  and  the 
confirmation  of  their  offtcers." 

Great  activity  in  organization  followed,  so  that  by 
December  of  the  same  year  the  following  eleven 
Branches  had  been  organized :  Miami,  Scioto,  San- 
dusky, Lower  Wabash,  Virginia,  East  Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania,  North  Ohio,  Upper  Wabash,  Michigan, 
and  Oregon. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  celebration  of  the  Jubilee 
Year,  May  19,  1921,  the  Association  had  grown  to 
thirty-eight  Branch  organizations,  nine  hundred  and 
twelve  Local  Societies,  four  hundred  and  sixty-eight 
Chapters  of  the  Otterbein  Guild,  and  a  total  member- 
ship of  forty-nine  thousand,  two  hundred  fifty-eight. 

Form  of  Organizatioyi. 

By  the  terms  of  the  constitution,  the  Association 
is  under  the  direction  of  the  General  Conference,  and 
submits  quadrennial  reports  to  that  body.  By  the 
action  of  the  General  Conference  in  1909,  it  works  in 
cooperation  with  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  and 
the  Home  Missionary  Society. 

The  organization  includes  a  Board  of  Managers, 
a  Board  of  Trustees,  Annual  Conference  Branch  Or- 


Organization       -  17 

ganizations,  Local  Societies,  and  Otterbein  Guild 
Chapters,  with  the  Junior  Christian  Endeavor  Societies 
as  a  field  for  missionary  training. 

The  Board  of  Managers  met  annually  until  1913. 
Beginning  with  that  date,  its  meetings  are  held  bien- 
nially. It  is  composed  of  a  Board  of  nine  Trustees, 
elected  biennially  by  the  Board  of  Managers,  Life 
Patrons,  three  delegates  elected  by  each  conference 
Branch,  the  General  Secretary,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Otterbein  Guild,  the  Field  Secretaries,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Literature  Department,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Thank-Offering  Department  and  Presidents  of 
Branches  when  present. 

The  Trustees  meet  before  the  close  of  the  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  and  elect  ofiicers.  They  at- 
tend to  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, and  meet  at  the  call  of  the  General  Secretary. 

Each  Branch  organization  meets  annually,  and  is 
composed  of  the  officers  of  the  Branch,  Life  Patrons, 
Life  Directors,  and  delegates  elected  by  the  Locals  and 
Otterbein  Guild  Chapters. 

The  societies  hold  monthly  meetings  and  quar- 
terly business  meetings.  Any  woman  or  girl  may  be- 
come a  member  of  the  Local  Society  or  Otterbein  Guild 
Chapter  by  the  payment  annually  of  $L20  and  sixty 
cents  dues,  respectively. 

Department  of  the  Otterbein  Guild. 
First  Bands.  At  the  Board  meeting  held  in  the 
college  chapel  at  Westerville,  Ohio,  in  1883,  a  constitu- 
tion was  adopted  for  Young  Women's  Bands.  Two 
Bands  were  organized  the  following  year  (in  Central 
Ohio  Branch),  one  at  Circleville,  Ohio,  with  six  mem- 


18  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

bers  and  the  other  at  Westerville,  Ohio,  with  twenty- 
three  members.  The  work  among  the  young  people 
increased  so  encouragingly  that  in  1889  they  were 
asked  to  support  two  teachers  in  Africa,  Miss  Frankie 
Williams  and  Miss  Ellen  Groenendyke,  and  also  con- 
tribute toward  the  support  of  a  teacher  in  China. 

The  need  of  a  secretary  of  this  department  was 
recognized  and  Miss  Emma  Burtner  was  appointed  by 
the  Board  at  its  meeting  in  1889.  She,  assisted  by  a 
committee  composed  of  a  member  from  the  Young 
Women's  Band  of  each  of  our  colleges,  was  to  have 
charge  of  the  raising  of  the  special  fund  for  the  support 
of  the  two  teachers  in  Africa  and  one  in  China.  This 
committee  was  also  asked  to  take  charge  of  the  Young 
People's  Department  of  the  Evangel  and  plan  ways  and 
means  to  interest  young  people.  Mrs.  Bertha  Ger- 
laugh  was  made  secretary  in  1890,  and  she  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Miss  Marie  Shank  in  1902. 

Young  Women's  Department  organized.  At  the 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  at  Anderson,  Indi- 
ana, in  1908,  the  work  among  the  young  women  was 
made  a  distinct  department  of  the  Women's  Mission- 
ary Association,  the  constitution  amended,  and  Miss 
Justina  Lorenz  was  elected  secretary. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees  in  November,  1909, 
it  was  decided  to  ask  the  Young  Women's  Bands  to 
take  as  their  special  work  the  support  of  the  Elizabeth 
Kumler-Miller  Seminary  for  girls,  in  China. 

Upon  the  resignation  of  Miss  Lorenz  in  1909,  Miss 
Ada  M.  Slusser  was  elected  secretary  of  this  depart- 
ment, assuming  her  office  May,  1910.  One  year  later, 
May,  1911,  the  name  of  the  Young  Women's  Bands 


Organization  .  19 

was  changed  to  Young  Women's  Missionary  Societies. 
Miss  Ada  Slusser  was  compelled  to  resign  because  of 
ill  health,  and  in  September,  1911,  Miss  Geneva  Harper, 
a  student  volunteer,  became  secretary.  She,  in  turn, 
was  followed  by  Miss  Vera  B.  Blinn,  elected  at  the 
Board  Meeting,  Myerstown,  Pennsylvania,  May,  1912. 

Name  changed.  The  name  of  the  Young  Women's 
Department  was  again  changed  and  the  organization 
further  perfected  when  at  the  Board  Meeting,  Bloom- 
ington,  Illinois,  May,  1913,  the  committee  on  Young 
Women's  work  submitted  the  following  plans,  which 
had  been  suggested  by  Miss  Blinn  : 

That  the  name  of  the  department  be  the  Otterbein 
Guild  of  the  Women's  Missionary  Association,  each 
local  organization  to  be  known  as  a  Chapter. 

The  colors  to  be  royal  purple  and  white. 

The  flower,  the  violet. 

That  each  member  of  the  Guild  take  the  following 
covenant : 

"Grateful  that  T  know  that  my  Redeemer  liveth,' 

"Mindful  that  vast  millions  of  women  and  girls  can 
never  hear  the  'tidings  of  great  joy'  unless  a  Christian 
woman  be  sent  to  them. 

"Remembering  that  Jesus  made  loving  obedience 
the  supreme  test  of  discipleship,  and  that  his  last, 
most  solemn  command  was,  'Go,  teach  all  nations,' 

"I  gladly  enter  into  this  covenant  of  obedience, 
that  I  will  not  cease  to  make  offerings  of  prayer,  time, 
and  money,  to  the  end  that  the  daughters  of  sorrow  in 
all  lands  may  know  the  love  of  Jesus." 

Love  offering  instituted.  With  these  changes  be- 
gan remarkable  growth  in  the  young  women's  work. 


20  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

In  1914,  the  first  Thanksgiving  Praise  Service  was 
held  and  their  first  annual  love  offering  of  $2,534.30 
given  toward  the  erection  of  the  Elizabeth  Kumler- 
Miller  Seminary  in  China.  In  1915,  the  Thanksgiving 
Praise  Service  was  established  as  an  annual  event. 
The  love  offerings  contributed  at  these  services  have 
helped  to  erect  the  buildings  for  the  Elizabeth  Kumler- 
Miller  Seminary  in  China,  the  Young  Women's  Bible 
Training  School,  Philippine  Islands,  and  the  Girls' 
Boarding  School,  Moyamba,  Sierra  Leone,  Africa, 
The  Spanish-American  schools  in  New  Mexico  have 
been  the  Home  Missionary  institutions  receiving  spe- 
cial support  from  the  Otterbein  Guild. 

In  1915,  Miss  Blinn  resigned  as  Otterbein  Guild 
secretary,  and  in  April,  1916,  Miss  Elsie  Hall  was 
chosen  to  fill  this  position. 

Growth  of  the  department.  Growth  in  member- 
ship of  the  Otterbein  Guild  Department  and  increase 
in  gifts  is  indicated  as  follows : 


1883... 

29 

1910... 

$  901.22 

1893... 

..   847 

1912... 

4,629.56 

1903... 

..  1,093 

1914... 

6,924.93 

1910... 

..  2,623 

1915... 

10,417.85 

1913... 

..  5,189 

1916... 

11,959.27 

1917... 

..  9,580 

1917... 

13,987.47 

1920... 

..13,575 

1920... 

29,780.17 

Department  of  Children's  Work. 
Gleaners'  Bands.     In   1879,  Mrs.   G.   P.   Macklin 
gathered  together  the  children  at  Fostoria,  Ohio,  and 
organized  a  Gleaners'  Band.    This  was  our  first  organ- 
ization among  the  children.     The  General  Conference 


Mrs.  G.  Fritz 

President  of  the  Sisters'  Missionary  Society  of  the  Ohio  German 

Conference  since  its  organization,  1869. 
(The  picture  was  taken  on  her  ninetieth  birthday,  August,  1921) 


Organization  21 

in  1909  designated  the  Junior  Christian  Endeavor  Soci- 
eties as  a  field  for  cultivation  in  missionary  education 
and  giving-.  Consequently,  the  Gleaners'  Bands  were 
discontinued.  At  this  time  there  were  146  Bands  re- 
ported, w^ith  a  membership  of  4,273. 

No  definite  plans  v^ere  outlined  and  the  relation- 
ship w^as  not  defined,  so  that  little  was  accomplished 
during  the  quadrennium.  The  General  Conference  of 
1913  turned  over  the  task  of  adjustment  to  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Board  of  Control  and  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  Women's  Missionary  Association. 

The  General  Junior  Committee.  Plans  were  for- 
mulated, relationships  defined,  and  the  work  finally  left 
under  the  direction  of  the  General  Junior  Committee, 
composed  of  a  representative  of  the  Christian  Endeavor 
Department,  another  from  the  Women's  Missionary 
Association,  and  a  third  member  chosen  by  these  two. 

In  the  fall  of  1909,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Kitzmiller  was  ap- 
pointed the  Missionary  Secretary  of  the  Junior  Depart- 
ment. This  position  included  caring  for  the  Junior  De- 
partment in  the  Evangel.  She  was  reelected  by  the 
Board  of  Managers  at  its  meeting  in  May,  1910.  Mrs. 
Kitzmiller  was  forced  by  ill  health  to  resign  in  1911. 
Since  that  date,  the  work  has  been  cared  for  by  Miss 
Geneva  Harper,  Miss  Ida  Koontz,  and  Mrs.  O.  T. 
Deever. 

The   Woman's  Evangel. 

Missionary   magazine   authorized.      In    the    early 

years   of   the   organization,   the   facts   concerning   the 

work  and  workers  were  given  to  the  Church  through 

the  columns  of  the  Religious  Telescope  and  the  Mis- 


22  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

sionary  Visitor.  At  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  in  1879  and  1880,  the  question  of  a  paper  in 
the  interest  of  the  Association  was  proposed,  but  noth- 
ing was  done.  The  desire  on  the  part  of  the  workers 
for  such  a  paper  became  so  strong  that  in  1881,  at 
Western,  Iowa,  the  Board  of  Managers  adopted  the 
following  resolution : 

"That  the  books  be  open  for  voluntary  contribu- 
tions, and  that  when,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  a  sufficient  amount  be  secured,  and  1,000 
subscribers  be  obtained,  the  Executive  Committe  be 
authorized,  in  conjunction  with  a  committee  appointed 
by  this  body,  to  publish  a  paper  or  magazine  in  the 
interest  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Association  of  the 
United  Brethren  in  Christ." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees,  October  10,  1881, 
"The  Woman's  Evangel"  was  chosen  as  the  name  of 
the  new  magazine. 

The  publication  began  as  a  modest  little  messen- 
ger of  sixteen  pages,  January,  1882,  the  subscription 
price  being  75  cents ;  in  clubs  of  ten,  60  cents.  The  sub- 
scription price  was  reduced  four  years  later  to  50  cents. 
A  few  years  later  eight  more  pages  were  added,  and 
in  January,  1906,  it  was  increased  to  a  thirty-two  page 
magazine.  One  thousand  subscribers  were  secured 
before  the  first  issue  was  printed,  and,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  one  or  two  years,  it  has  been  able  to  pay  all  the 
expenses  of  its  publication,  the  salary  of  its  editor,  as 
well  as  make  appropriations  to  the  Literature  Depart- 
ment of  the  Association. 

Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford,  president  of  the  Association, 
who  was  then  the  corresponding  secretary,  served  also 


Organization  23 

as  editor,  and  continued  in  this  office  for  eleven  years. 
She  declared  its  purpose  in  her  first  editorial,  that,  inas- 
much as  the  "gospel  has  been  to  women  a  glad  evan- 
gel, and  because  we  love  much,  do  we  wish  to  make  our 
work — as  the  name  of  the  paper  signifies — an  an- 
nouncement of  glad  tidings  to  some  of  the  five  hundred 
millions  of  women  in  the  degradation  and  ruin  of  false 
religions  and  oppressive  social  customs  of  heathen 
nations.  It  will  be  the  earnest  purpose  of  those  who 
have  undertaken  the  work  to  make  the  paper  a  power 
in  moving  hearts  to  help  in  the  good  work  of  sending 
the  light  of  life  to  women  and  children  who  are  shut 
out  from  its  blessed  influence." 

The  name  was  changed  to  "The  Evangel"  by  the 
Board  of  Managers  at  their  meeting  at  lola,  Kansas, 
1917,  going  into  efifect  with  the  January,  1918,  issue. 
The  growth  of  the  subscription  list  has  been  gradual, 
as  the  following  table  shows : 

1883 1,000  1902 4,783 

1892 4,200  1912 8,850 

1921 21,042 

Mrs.  L.  K.  Miller  was  associate  editor  from  1888 
until  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  Keister  (Harford)  in  1893, 
when  she  became  the  editor  and  publisher. 

After  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  Miller  in  October, 
1904,  the  Evangel  was  issued  by  Mrs.  B.  F.  Witt  and 
Mrs.  G.  P.  Macklin  until  November,  1905,  when  Mrs. 
Mary  R.  Albert  became  its  editor  and  publisher,  con- 
tinuing until  her  marriage  to  Dr.  S.  S.  Hough,  Foreign 
Missionary  secretary,  July,  1914.  Miss  }:Iabel  Drury, 
who  had  served  as  a  missionary  in  China,  became  the 
new  editor.  Miss  Drury  resigned  in  1917  to  become  the 


24  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

wife  of  Mr.  \V.  E.  MacDonald,  returning  with  him  to 
China.  Miss  Vera  B.  Blinn,  already  well  known  to 
members  of  the  Association,  took  up  the  work  of  editor 
until  her  election  to  the  position  of  General  Secretary- 
Treasurer  in  1920.  Miss  Alice  E.  Bell  was  chosen  to 
fill  the  vacancy,  resigning  to  become  General  Secretary 
in  1921. 

Department  of  Literature. 

Committee  on  Literature.  The  Board  of  Managers 
at  its  meeting  in  1906  appointed  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Albert 
(Hough),  Mrs.  P.  O.  Rhodes,  and  Mrs.  H.  A.  Dowling 
a  committee  on  literature ;  and  at  the  meeting  a  year 
later  the  following  recommendation  was  adopted : 

"Realizing  the  need  of  information  on  missionary 
work  and  of  the  circulation  of  missionary  literature,  we 
recommend  that  we  establish  in  our  Association  the 
Department  of  Literature." 

Mrs.  Albert  and  Mrs.  Rhodes  were  continued  a 
committee,  with  power  to  select  a  third.  Mrs.  G.  P. 
Macklin  was  chosen  as  the  third  member.  During  the 
year,  this  committee  worked  out  a  plan  for  this  depart- 
ment which,  with  a  few  changes,  was  adopted  by  the 
Board  at  its  meeting  in  Anderson,  Indiana,  in  May, 
1908. 

The  plan  adopted  provides  for  a  General  Litera- 
ture Committee  and  Branch  and  Local  Secretaries  of 
Literature.  The  General  Literature  Committee,  which 
is  the  head  of  the  department,  is  composed  of  the  editor 
of  the  Evangel,  the  Department  Secretary,  who  is 
elected  by  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  a  third  member 
appointed  by  the  Trustees.  This  committee  plans  the 
vv^ork  of  the  department,  encourages  the  circulation  of 


Organization  25 

the  Evangel,  provides  literature,  programs,  and  helps, 
and,  through  the  Branch  and  Local  Secretaries  of  liter- 
ature, helps  to  develop  this  work  throughout  the  Asso- 
ciation. An  annual  Literature  Day  is  observed  when  a 
free-will  offering  is  taken  for  the  work  of  this  De- 
partment. Mrs.  P.  O.  Rhodes  served  faithfully  as  Sec- 
retary of  Literature  from  1908  to  19L5  ;  Mrs.  H.  C.  Crid- 
land,  1915-1917;  Mrs.  L.  B.  Johns,  1918-1921.  In  1921, 
Mrs.  Paul  Shannon  was  chosen. 

Department  of  Thank-Off ering. 

Thank-offering  boxes,  under  the  name  of  Mite 
Boxes,  were  used  from  almost  the  earliest  history  of 
the  Association.  As  early  as  1889  they  were  in  great 
demand.  After  the  organization  of  the  Literature  De- 
partment, their  use  was  directed  and  encouraged  by 
that  department. 

Because  of  the  favor  with  which  this  movement 
was  received,  and  of  the  vital  importance  of  the  ideal 
involved  in  the  thank-offering,  it  was  deemed  advisable 
to  form  a  distinct  department.  This  was  accomplished 
at  the  Board  Meeting,  June,  1915,  and  Mrs.  Albert 
Keister  was  elected  secretary. 

In  19L3,  the  February  meeting  was  designated  as 
the  special  thank-offering  day,  and  this  has  continued 
to  be  observed  throughout  the  years.  The  Love  Offer- 
ing of  the  Otterbein  Guild  is  also  under  the  direction 
of  this  department. 

The  following  statistics  indicate  the  growth  of 
the  Thank-Offering  Department : 


26  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

No.  of  Soc.         No.  of  Thank- 
Using  Thank-      offering  Boxes        Amount 
Year.        offering  Boxes.  Used.  of  Offering. 

1916  403  8,982  $  5,762.64 

1917  580  12,881  10,066.67 

1918  668  15,154  13,768.73 

1919  721  14,561  19,090.12 

1920  663  •  16,275  24,652.05 

1921  935  18,198  30,909.83 

The  department  is  succeeding  not  only  in  gather- 
ing funds  which  have  been  appropriated  to  edu- 
cational and  evangelistic  work  among  women  and  chil- 
dren of  our  mission  fields,  but  also  in  teaching  the 
women  and  girls  of  the  Association  to  give  in  recogni- 
tion of  the  goodness  of  God  in  their  every-day  lives. 

Cooperation  and  Progress 
1909-1921 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  held  at 
Anderson,  Indiana,  in  May,  1908,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  consider  cooperation  with  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society  throughout  our  whole  territory  in 
Africa.  The  year  following,  before  this  committee  had 
a  meeting,  the  Bishops  called  a  meeting  of  a  commis- 
sion composed  of  representatives  of  all  the  departments 
of  the  Church  for  the  purpose  of  considering  how  they 
could  so  correlate  the  various  interests  as  to  make  the 
whole  work  of  the  Church  more  effective.  Out  of  this 
grew  the  question  as  to  whether  there  could  be  brought 
about  a  greater  unity  and  a  closer  cooperation  between 
the  missionary  boards  of  the  Church. 


Organization  27 

The  work  in  the  three  fields  operated  by  our  Asso- 
ciation, Africa,  China,  and  the  Philippine  Islands,  had 
grown  until  the  conditions  in  these  fields  and  their 
needs  were  such  as  to  demand  the  strength  and  sup- 
port of  the  whole  Church.  This  fact  was  realized  by 
some  of  our  workers  at  home,  and  was  very  keenly  felt 
by  the  missionaries  on  the  fields.  At  their  annual  meet- 
ings preceding  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
at  Akron,  Ohio,  in  1909,  the  missionaries  on  the  three 
fields  had  taken  action,  asking  our  Board  to  cooperate 
with  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society.  Then,  too,  there 
was  a  desire  on  the  part  of  many  of  our  women  for  the 
Association  to  undertake  some  definite  work  in  home 
missions. 

After  consultation  with  the  Foreign  and  the  Home 
Mission  Boards,  the  Trustees  decided  to  appoint  a  com- 
mittee to  study  the  problem  and  present  some  plan  to 
the  Board  of  Managers.  This  committee,  after  much 
thought  and  prayer,  presented  the  following  report  to 
the  Board  at  its  meeting  in  Akron  in  May,  1909: 

Report  on  General  Conference  relations.  "This  is 
an  age  of  progress.  The  spirit  of  union  and  coopera- 
tion for  more  efifective  service  is  to  be  found  every- 
where. In  political  and  commercial  life  the  forces  are 
combining  to  an  extent  unseen  before  by  the  w^orld. 
They  believe  that  thereby  they  multiply  their  powers 
and  increase  their  efficiency  to  do  things.  Combination 
and  efficient  superintendency  are  the  very  watchword 
of  this  commercial  age.  It  is  not  surprising,  therefore, 
that  the  same  spirit  is  pervading  the  ecclesiastical 
world.  At  home  and  abroad  there  is  a  great  pulse  per- 
meating our  entire  Church,  impelling  us  to  combine 


28  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

our  forces  that  wc  may  the  better  concentrate  our  ef- 
forts and  increase  the  effectiveness  of  our  service.  The 
whole  wide  world  for  Jesus  is  the  vision  born  at  Olivet 
which  calls  for  enlarged  service  at  home  and  abroad. 
A  vision  which  is  less  than  world-wide  is  too  limited 
for  the  King's  children.  He  who  sees  only  the  field  in 
which  he  labors  has  ceased  to  stand  beside  the  cross  of 
Calvary  and  has  forgotten  the  commission  from  Olivet. 
*It  is  the  whole  business  of  the  whole  church  to  preach 
the  whole  gospel  to  the  whole  world  as  speedily  as 
possible.' 

*'Your  Committee  on  General  Conference  Rela- 
tions has  carefully  canvassed  the  matter  of  coopera- 
tion betv-,-een  the  Woman's  Missionary  Association  and 
the  Foreign  and  the  Home  Missionary  Boards  of  our 
Church.  By  correspondence  and  personal  interviews, 
the  opinions  of  many  of  the  leading  men  and  women  of 
the  denomination  have  been  secured  relative  to  these 
important  matters.  We  find  that  it  is  the  general  con- 
viction at  home  and  in  the  foreign  fields  that  coopera- 
tion with  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  should 
obtain.  We  also  find  a  desire  quite  general  among  ouj- 
people  for  cooperation  with  the  Home  Missionary  Soci- 
ety. We,  therefore,  after  much  prayer  and  deliberation, 
bring  to  you  the  following  recommendations : 

"I  Foreign — We  advise  that  the  Woman's  Mis- 
sionary Association  and  the  Foreign  Missionary  Soci- 
ety cooperate  in  all  the  mission  fields  of  the  Church — 
Africa,  China,  Japan,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippine 
Islands. 

"Provided,  1.  That  the  Foreign  Missionary  Soci- 
ety will  accept  the  responsibility  of  the  work  now  car- 


The  National  Presidents  of  the  Association 


Mrs.  T.  N.  Sowers 

1875-1879 


Mrs.  Sylvia  Haywood 

1879-1887 


Mrs.  L.  K.  Miller 

1887-1905 


Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford 
1905- 


Organization  29 

ried  on  by  the  Woman's  Missionary  Association  in 
Africa,  China,  and  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  will  con- 
tinue the  operation  of  the  same ;  we  agreeing  to  merge 
all  our  property  interests  in  the  fields  with  that  of  the 
Foreign  Missionary  Society,  and  to  assume  some  part 
of  the  work  in  each  field  now  occupied  by  them,  as  shall 
be  agreed  upon  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

"2.  That  we  be  represented  by  one-third  of  the 
members  of  the  Foreign  Missionary  Board  and  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  same,  who  shall  be  chosen 
from  and  by  the  trustees  of  the  Woman's  ^Missionary 
Association. 

"3.  That  all  moneys  given  by  any  woman's  organ- 
ization for  home  or  foreign  missions  be  sent  to  the 
Branch  Treasurer,  who  in  turn  shall  submit  quarterly 
reports  to  the  Conference  Treasurer  in  order  that  the 
charge  may  have  due  credit  in  the  m.issionary  standards 
as  adopted  by  the  various  boards. 

"4.  That  we  ask  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Mis- 
sions for  the  General  Conference  to  bring  in  a  recom- 
mendation defining  the  field  at  home  from  which  we 
may  raise  funds. 

"5.  That  the  form  and  plan  of  our  organization 
remain  as  it  has  been. 

"11  Home — After  full  consideration  of  the  home 
side  of  the  work,  we  having  been  organized  from  the 
first  of  our  Association  to  do  both  home  and  foreign 
work,  we  recommend  that  we  cooperate  with  the  Home 
Missionary  Society. 

''Provided,  1.  That  the  auxiliary  movement  in- 
augurated by  the  Home  Missionary  Board  be  discon- 
tinued, and  that  they  give  the  strength  of  their  support 


30  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

in  turning  over  the  societies  already  organized  by  them 
to  us;  we  to  give,  for  the  first  year,  $2,000;  second, 
$3,000 ;  third,  $4,000;  fourth,  $5,000;  and,  in  addition  to 
this,  we  will  give  forty  percent  of  the  increase  of  the 
net  general  fund  of  each  year  for  the  quadrennium,  and 
at  the  end  of  the  quadrennium  an  equitable  percent  as 
shall  be  agreed  upon. 

"2.  That  we  be  represented  by  one-third  of  the 
members  of  the  Home  Mission  Board,  and  of  the  Exec- 
utive Committee  of  the  same,  who  shall  be  chosen  from 
and  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Asso- 
ciation. 

"3.  That  all  moneys  given  by  any  woman's  organ- 
ization for  home  or  foreign  missions  be  sent  to  the 
Branch  Treasurer,  who  in  turn  shall  submit  quarterly 
reports  to  the  Conference  Treasurer  in  order  that  the 
charge  may  have  due  credit  for  the  same  in  the  mis- 
sionary standards  as  adopted  by  the  missionary  boards. 

"Resolved,  Because  of  the  strength  of  our  missions 
in  the  Orient,  and  our  medical  work  there,  that  we  ask 
of  the  General  Conference  that  our  mission  conferences 
in  China  and  the  Philippine  Islands  be  given  the  same 
relations  as  the  conference  in  West  Africa. 

"Committee :  Mrs.  J.  E.  Pout,  Chairman,  Toledo, 
Ohio;  Mrs.  I.  B.  Haak,  Myerstown,  Pennsylvania; 
Miss  Elizabeth  Mower,  Shippensburg,  Pennsylvania; 
Mrs.  Albert  Keister,  Scottdale,  Pennsylvania;  Mrs. 
Gertrude  Pentz,  Dayton,  Ohio ;  Mrs.  H.  W.  Trueblood, 
Quincy,  Illinois;  Mrs.  D.  E.  Vance,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 
Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford,  Omaha,  Nebraska,  and  Mrs.  B.  F. 
Witt,  Dayton,  Ohio,  advisory  members  of  the  commit- 
tee." 


Organization  31 

This  report  was  adopted  by  an  almost  unanimous 
vote,  and  later  was  presented  to  the  General  Confer- 
ence, where  it  was  very  cordially  received  and  referred 
to  the  committee  on  missions.  All  that  was  asked  for 
was  granted ;  the  Foreign  and  the  Home  Boards  were 
elected,  giving  us  one-third  representation  and  one- 
third  representation  on  the  Executive  Committees. 

The  missionaries  are  now  conscious  that  the  whole 
Church  is  interested  in  all  the  work,  and  that  they  can 
depend  on  their  prayers  and  support.  The  women, 
young  women,  and  Junior  Christian  Endeavor  Soci- 
eties are  given  to  us  as  a  field  to  cultivate,  thus  enlarg- 
ing our  scope  for  organization. 

While  there  were  many  misgivings  in  regard  to  the 
plan  of  cooperation,  the  twelve  years  that  have  pass-ed 
have  demonstrated  its  wisdom.  With  broadened  vision 
and  unity  of  work  and  purpose  the  missionary  cause  of 
our  Church  has  progressed  steadily  and  the  Church 
itself  has  been  strengthened. 

Growth.  According  to  reports  given  at  the  Board 
Meeting  of  1909,  the  year  cooperation  began,  the  Asso- 
ciation had  made  good  progress  since  its  beginnings. 
There  were  770  societies ;  20,263  members  (inclucKng 
4,273  members  of  Children's  Bands)  ;  and  total  receipts 
of  $47,626.66.  In  the  twelve  years  succeeding,  the  num- 
ber of  societies  had  practically  been  multiplied  by  two 
(1,380),  the  number  of  members  by  two  and  one-half 
(49,258),  and  the  funds  contributed  by  three  ($146,- 
839.26).  This  is  a  remarkable  growth,  and  during  this 
Jubilee  Year  the  Association  renders  deep  and  fervent 
praise  and  thanksgiving. 


32  The  W^umen's  Missionary  Association 

Some  important  administrative  changes  have 
taken  place  since  1909.  The  Thank-Offering  Depart- 
ment has  been  added  and  developed  and  the  work  ex- 
tended and  broadened.  The  need  of  a  field  secretary 
who  would  give  lull  time  to  organizing  and  strength- 
ening societies  was  realized  for  several  years,  and  in 
1914  Miss  Elsie  Hall  was  appointed  to  this  position. 
From  that  time  one  and  sometimes  two  field  secre- 
taries have  been  constantly  employed,  in  addition  to 
the  field  work  done  by  other  officers  and  trustees  of 
the  Association.  Much  has  also  been  done  by  mis- 
sionaries on  furlough. 

Special  days.  There  are  a  number  of  important 
special  days  observed  by  the  Association.  The  most 
important  is  the  Day  of  Prayer.  In  1911,  Good  Friday 
was  set  apart  as  a  special  period  for  intercession.  At 
the  following  Board  Meeting  it  was  decided  to  con- 
tinue this  observance,  and  Good  Friday  has  become  of 
increasing  power  and  influence  in  the  lives  of  the  mem- 
bership and  in  the  advancement  of  the  work. 

In  1911,  the  observance  of  Literature  Day  was  rec- 
ommended. This  has  also  become  an  annual  event.  An 
offering  is  made  for  the  extension  of  the  work  of  the 
Literature  Department  and  an  effort  put  forth  to  in- 
crease the  circulation  of  missionary  literature. 

Woman's  Day  has  been  observed  since  1893.  In 
1913  the  day  was  changed  from  the  last  Sunday  of 
September  to  the  last  Sunday  of  October.  This  is  usu- 
ally observed  on  Sunday  and  the  women  and  girls  are 
given  charge  of  the  service.  Many  men  and  women 
have  gained  a  wider  vision  of  the  cause  of  missions  be- 
cause of  these  services. 


Organization  33 

At  the  Board  Meeting  of  1912  two  important  meas- 
ures were  taken :  A  Standard  of  Excellence  for 
Branches,  Locals,  and  Chapters  was  adopted ;  and  it 
was  recommended  that  a  series  of  institutes  be  held  by 
each  Branch.  The  establishment  of  a  definite,  high 
standard  has  contributed  greatly  toward  the  growth 
and  efficiency  of  the  various  units  of  the  Association. 
The  institutes  held  by  the  majority  of  the  Branches  in 
the  fall  of  each  year  have  developed  into  a  vital  means 
for  the  training  of  the  officers  and  workers  of  the  local 
societies.  Such  training  has  been  further  strengthened 
by  the  publication  of  a  handbook  for  workers  in  1914. 

In  May,  1913,  the  Board  of  Managers  voted  to 
meet  biennially  instead  of  annually  as  hitherto,  thus 
working  for  both  economy  and  efficiency. 

Name  changed  to  Women's  Missionary  Associa- 
tion. The  year  1918  brought  two  important  changes. 
First,  the  name  of  the  Association  was  changed  to  the 
Women's  Missionary  Association.  Second,  it  was  de- 
cided the  Thank-Ofifering  should  not  count  on  the 
pledge,  thus  making  it  more  of  a  free-will  and  love 
offering. 

Campaigns.  In  the  fall  of  each  year,  usually  in 
October,  culminating  with  the  observance  of  Woman's 
Day,  a  special  intensive  campaign  is  conducted.  For  a 
number  of  years  these  campaigns  were  directed 
towards  the  winning  of  new  members  and  new  sub- 
scribers for  the  Evangel,  such  as  the  "Over-the-Top 
Campaign"  of  1918,  during  which  the  goals  set  in  1917 
for  the  quadrennium  were  reached  within  two  years. 
Beginning  with  the  campaign  of  1919,  the  great  funda- 


34  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

mentals  of  the  spiritual  life  of  the  women  and  girls  oj 
the  church  have  been  stressed,  such  as  the  prayer  life, 
Bible  reading-  and  study,  and  the  observance  of  a 
quiet  time.  These  campaigns  have  been  not  only  of 
great  value  to  the  spiritual  life  of  the  Association,  but 
have  resulted  in  large  increases  in  new  members  and 
Evangel  subscribers.  There  is  no  doubt  that  these 
large  increases  are  due  to  a  closer  fellowship  with  the 
Master  and  the  consequent  manifestation  of  His  power. 

Growth  By  Decades. 
Members  of 


Locals. 

Chapters. 

Evangels. 

Gifts. 

1873 

500 

$       328.13 

1883 

3,555 

29 

1,550 

6,559.89 

1893 

7,264 

847 

5,000 

19,190.01 

1903 

7,825 

1,093 

4,633 

24,652.50 

1913 

18,403 

5,189 

10,550 

48,151.34 

1921 

35,370 

13,575 

21,042 

143,693.29 

Beginning  with  California  and  Miami  Conferences 
in  1872,  Branch  organizations  have  been  efifected  in 
every  conference  except  some  of  the  Home  Mission 
conferences.  New  Mexico,  and  Tennessee  and  the  con- 
ferences of  the  foreign  fields.  While  the  organization 
formed  by  the  women  of  the  Ohio  German  Conference 
in  1869  has  been  continuously  active,  there  has  been  no 
official  affiliation  with  the  National  Board. 

Jubilee  Memorial  Fund.  The  year  1921  brought 
the  Women's  Missionary  Association  to  its  Jubilee 
Year.  Plans  were  made  for  its  observance  and  a  Gen- 
eral Jubilee  Committee,  with  Mrs.  S.  S.  Hough  as  chair- 
man, was  appointed.     Among  all  the  manifold  bless- 


Organization  35 

ings  that  had  been  granted  during  the  fifty  years,  one 
of  the  most  outstanding  was  the  memory  of  the  life  of 
Vera  B.  Blinn  and  the  years  of  service  given  by  her  to 
the  Association  as  secretary  of  the  Otterbein  Guild,  as 
editor  of  the  Evangel,  and  as  General  Secretary.  It 
was,  therefore,  decided  that  the  offering  which  would 
be  gladly  brought  by  the  women  and  girls  this  Jubilee 
Year  should  be  the  Jubilee  Memorial  Fund,  and  should 
be  used  to  establish  a  chair  of  missions  in  The  Bone- 
brake  Theological  Seminary,  Dayton,  Ohio,  in  mem- 
ory of  Miss  Blinn.  More  than  any  other  object,  this 
would  most  nearly  portray  the  ruling  passion  and  de- 
sire of  Miss  Blinn's  life. 

The  Future.  The  fifty  years  have  brought  to  us  a 
priceless  heritage,  and  we  pause  this  Jubilee  Year  to 
render  thanksgiving  and  praise  for  all  that  God  has 
wrought.  With  an  unwavering  faith  in  God,  who  has 
promised,  'T  will  do  better  unto  you  than  at  your  be- 
ginnings," with  confidence  in  our  splendid  constitu- 
ency of  women  and  girls,  shall  not  we  enter  the  open 
door  to  the  next  half  century  with  renewed  consecra- 
tion to  our  task  of  giving  the  gospel  to  the  women  and 
girls  of  the  world,  and  thus  hasten  the  coming  of  our 
Lord? 

"Lead  on,  O  King  eternal, 

We  follow,  not  with  fears, 
For  gladness  breaks  like  morning 

Where'er  thy  face  appears. 
Thy  Cross  is  lifted  o'er  us, 

We  journey  in  its  light ; 
The  Crown  awaits  the  Conquest; 
Lead  on,  O  God  of  might." 


AFRICA 

Locating  the  mission,  1877.  The  first  idea  of  the 
Association  was  to  support  a  school  near  Shenge,  under 
the  control  of  the  missionaries  of  the  Home,  Frontier, 
and  Foreign  Missionary  Society ;  but,  instead  of  this, 
by  the  advice  of  the  officers  of  the  General  Board  and 
missionaries  then  on  the  field,  it  was  decided  to  estab- 
lish schools  up  the  Bompeh  River,  in  a  thickly  popu- 
lated territory  that  was  calling  for  light,  and  was  with- 
out any  missionary  work.  The  General  Board,  think- 
ing it  not  best  to  distribute  its  force  over  so  much  terri- 
tory, urged  the  Association  to  occupy  this  new  ground. 
It  was  agreed  to  support  Miss  Emily  Beeken,  then 
under  appointment.  With  repeated  visits  and  the  super- 
vision of  Mr.  Gomer,  the  mission  was  located  at  Roti- 
funk,  on  the  Bompeh  River,  about  fifty  miles  east  of 
Freetown,  Miss  Beeken  going  there  late  in  the  autumn 
of  1877,  at  which  time  we  undertook  her  full  support. 

First  schools.  The  pioneer  work  was  difficult,  but 
it  was  bravely  accomplished.  One  with  less  courage 
than  Miss  Beeken  could  not  have  succeeded  in  estab- 
lishing a  mission  so  far  from  any  civilized  help  or  pro- 
tection. The  head-man  built  a  barra  for  worship,  and 
the  Association  a  mud  house  for  the  missionary  on  a 
beautiful  elevated  site  near  the  town.  Miss  Beeken 
established  two  schools,  and  held  public  services  in  the 
surrounding  towns. 

Mission  house  built.  Miss  Beeken  was  succeeded 
at  the  end  of  nineteen  months  by  Mrs.  M.  M.  Mair,  of 
Glasgow,  Scotland.  Mrs.  Mair  had  had  an  experience 
of  twenty-six  years  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  which 


Africa  37 

enabled  her  to  endure  the  climate  better  than  new  mis- 
sionaries. She  landed  at  Freetown,  October  19,  1879, 
and  went  to  Rotifunk  the  following  month.  The  previ- 
ous May,  at  the  Board  meeting,  it  was  agreed  to  send 
to  Africa  from  America  the  material  for  a  good  house, 
so  that  our  missionaries  might  have  a  comfortable 
home.  Two  thousand  dollars  were  easily  raised  out- 
side of  membership  dues,  and  Airs.  ]\Iair  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  building,  and  enjoyed  living  in 
it,  as  she  so  well  deserved.  She  was  indefatigable  in 
her  labors,  and  her  influence  over  the  natives  was  won- 
derful. She  secured  better  teachers  for  the  schools, 
and  established  two  others.  She  had  the  confidence 
and  cooperation  of  the  chiefs  and  head-men,  and  such 
was  her  influence  over  the  people  that  she  said  she  had 
been  in  but  two  towns  in  America  where  the  Sabbath 
was  so  well  observed.  Pa  Sourri,  the  head-man  of  Rot- 
ifunk, gave  up  the  use  of  strong  drinks  and  tobacco  and 
compelled  the  people  to  desist  from  labor  on  the  Sab- 
bath day.  Rotifunk  was  a  station  for  slave  traders 
when  our  mission  was  located  there,  but  before  Mrs. 
Mair  came  away  this  was  broken  up.  A  lease  for 
ninety-nine  years  was  secured  for  one  hundred  acres  of 
ground  both  at  Rotifunk  and  Palli,  part  of  which  was 
put  under  cultivation.  In  three  years  and  a  half  our 
work  had  grown  into  a  strong  mission  of  four  stations, 
with  a  school  at  each  place. 

A  conference  was  organized  March  20,  1880,  by 
Rev.  D.  K.  Flickinger,  with  six  members,  representing 
both  the  General  and  Women's  Boards — Rev.  D.  F. 
Wilberforce  and  Rev.  J.  Gomer,  who  were  already 
members  of  Aliami  Conference,  and  four  African  work- 
ers. 


38  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Early  in  1882  word  came  telling  of  the  declining 
strength  of  Mrs.  Mair,  and  the  need  for  reinforcements. 
The  Board  decided  to  send  a  man  and  his  wife,  as  the 
work  was  too  heavy  for  a  woman  to  carry.  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  R.  N.  West  sailed  from  New  York,  October  2, 
1882.  Mrs.  Mair  remained  a  few  months  and  in  the 
spring  of  1883  came  to  America,  attended  the  Board 
meeting  at  Westerville,  Ohio,  and  then  returned  to  her 
home  in  Scotland.    She  died  March  9,  1897. 

First  chapel  built,  1883.  To  the  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  at  Westerville,  Ohio,  in  1883,  came 
the  word  from  Mr.  West  that  the  number  of  persons 
attending  the  public  services  was  increasing  so  rapidly 
that  in  the  rainy  season  no  house  was  large  enough  to 
accommodate  them  and  many  had  to  be  turned  away. 
He  asked  to  be  allowed  to  build  a  chapel.  The  com- 
mittee on  African  work  recommended  the  raising  of 
$2,000,  the  estimated  cost  of  a  suitable  building.  Cash 
and  subscriptions  were  taken  at  once  to  the  amount  of 
$1,100.  The  money  was  all  raised  and  the  chapel  com- 
pleted within  a  year  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,  $500  less  than 
the  estimate.  The  chapel  was  dedicated  February  24, 
1884,  by  Rev.  J.  Gomer,  of  Shenge.  After  the  sermon, 
an  invitation  was  given  for  a  free-will  offering  unto  the 
Lord,  and  the  people  responded  by  subscribing  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  at  Palli,  five  binkeys  of 
rice  (from  fifty  to  one  hundred  bushels),  one  cow,  one 
country  cloth,  and  thirty-seven  dollars  and  fourteen 
cents  in  cash  subscriptions. 

After  seven  years,  1884.  In  1884,  seven  years  after 
the  landing  of  our  first  missionary,  Mr.  West  reported 
to  the  Board  of  Managers  that  there  were  then  in  con- 


Africa  39 

nection  with  the  work  fifty-four  regular  preaching 
places,  an  increase  of  twenty-three  during  the  year.  In 
these  places  more  than  2,500  persons  heard  the  word  of 
God.  During  the  next  two  years  the  devotion  and 
strength  of  our  missionaries  were  severely  tested  by 
war  and  an  epidemic  of  smallpox;  the  itinerating  was 
interrupted. 

Work  for  children.  Our  first  and  prominent  work 
was  for  the  children.  As  many  as  could  be  cared  for 
were  taken  by  the  missionaries  and  taught  to  work. 
These  children,  with  the  help  of  a  few  men,  did  the 
work  connected  with  the  mission,  and  thus  helped  in 
their  own  support.  Large  farms  were  under  cultiva- 
tion ;  orchards  were  started.  The  children  were  Chris- 
tians— bright,  earnest,  and  hungry  for  knowledge, 
using  every  opportunity  to  gain  it.  Later,  they  became 
our  teachers  and  itinerants. 

Previous  to  the  Board  meeting  of  1887,  the  question 
of  doing  more  for  the  women  of  Africa  was  discussed  in 
the  Woman's  Evangel.  The  missionaries  had  written 
that  we  must  do  something  for  the  uplifting  of  the  girls 
in  Africa  if  we  expected  to  accomplish  anything  perma- 
nent. They  told  of  the  degredation  of  the  women  and 
how  little  girls  were  sold  as  wives,  and,  whenever 
claimed  by  the  purchaser,  were  compelled  to  go  with 
him.  If  in  our  schools,  they  were  thus  lost  to  our  mis- 
sion. By  taking  girls  into  the  mission  home,  this  sell- 
ing could  be  prevented  ;  these  girls  could  be  taught  in 
the  schools  with  the  other  children,  and  out  of  school 
hours  could  be  taught  by  the  missionary  to  sew,  to 
cook,  to  keep  house,  and  thus  to  become  Christian 
home-makers. 


40  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Home  for  girls,  1887.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  at  Westfield,  Illinois,  it  was  decided  to  put 
up  a  new  building,  to  be  called  the  *'Mary  Sowers 
Home  for  Girls,"  and  to  raise  $2,000  for  the  purpose. 
The  home  was  completed  in  1888. 

Boys'  home.  An  adobe  house  with  corrugated  iron 
roof,  large  enough  to  accommodate  twenty-four  boys, 
was  built  at  Rotifunk  during  1889. 

During  the  same  year  and  in  1890  extended  trips 
were  made  by  the  missionaries  into  the  interior  to  the 
Mendi  country,  a  large  territory  lying  east  of  the  Sher- 
bro  and  Temni  countries,  and  the  people  received  them 
cordially  when  they  understood  their  purpose.  They 
found  no  Christian  missions,  but  everywhere  evidence 
of  superstition.  Every  town,  large  and  small,  had  its 
devil  houses.  The  people  plead  with  the  missionaries 
to  remain  with  them. 

The  Board  of  Managers,  at  its  meeting  in  1890, 
looked  with  favor  upon  the  early  occupation  of  this 
densely  populated  territory. 

Great  revival  at  Rotifunk.    During  the  meeting  of 

tlie  ]joard  of  Managers  held  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  in  1890, 
special  prayer  was  offered,  and  at  the  same  time  spe- 
cial prayer  services  were  held  by  our  missionaries  in 
Africa  for  an  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  in  revival  power. 
This  marked  the  beginning  of  the  greatest  revival  Rot- 
ifunk has  ever  seen,  and  it  continued  four  weeks.  Rum 
sellers  broke  their  demijohns  and  poured  the  liquor  on 
the  streets ;  native  men  and  women  were  born  into  the 
Kingdom  in  large  numbers.  The  revival  spread  to  the 
surrounding  towns  and  Frankie  Williams  wrote  home. 


Africa  41 

"Every  seat  has  become  a  mourner's  bench  and  nearly 
every  soul  a  seeker."  It  was  at  this  time  that  Pa  Sourri, 
the  powerful  chief,  became  a  Christian.  Mrs.  West, 
writing  of  his  conversion,  said  :  "It  was  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  conversions  I  ever  witnessed,  one  of  the 
Saul  of  Tarus  style.  He  had  been  at  the  altar  several 
times,  but  we  felt  that  he  did  not  see  himself  a  sinner. 
It  was  all  what  he  was  going  to  do.  We  could  only 
pray  that  God  would  show  him  his  heart.  Our  prayers 
were  answered,  and  he  had  as  real  a  physical  struggle 
as  Jacob  had.  One  whole  night,  alone  in  his  house,  he 
wrestled  with  two  powers  or  persons ;  he  said,  'One 
sought  to  hold  him,  the  other  to  free  him.'  As  day 
dawned,  so  desperate  became  the  struggle  that  in  his 
agony  he  sprang  from  his  bed,  and  knew  nothing  more 
until  he  found  himself  lying  on  the  chapel  floor  free. 
The  subject  of  the  morning  meeting  was  II  Cor.  10. 
Just  as  Mr.  West  was  speaking  of  the  weapons  of  our 
warfare  being  not  carnal,  but  mighty  through  God  to 
the  pulling  down  of  strongholds,  he  rushed  in,  bare- 
headed, and  with  an  awful  look  of  despair;  as  he 
reached  the  altar,  he  fell  or,  rather,  was  thrown  vio- 
lently down  in  such  a  way  that  under  other  circum- 
stances he  would  doubtless  have  broken  his  neck,  as  he 
is  very  large  and  heavy,  and  eighty  years  of  age.  Dur- 
ing the  day  it  seemed  that  all  the  wicked  things  he  had 
ever  done  came  up  before  him,  and,  though  he  felt  God 
had  forgiven  all,  yet,  as  these  things  came  up  separately 
before  him,  he  would  only  get  relief  by  getting  down 
and  asking  special  forgiveness  for  them." 

First  death  among  missionaries,  1892.    It  had  long 

seemed  marvelous  that  in  the  thirty-seven  years  of  the 


42  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

African  mission  death  had  not  entered  the  ranks.  The 
year  1892  marked  a  new  era  in  our  history.  On  July 
19,  1892,  Miss  Williams  died  of  malignant  malarial 
fever,  and  Miss  Bittle  followed  her  August  7,  from  ner- 
vous shock.  These  two  deaths,  together  with  the  sick- 
ness of  other  missionaries,  greatly  hindered  all  the 
work  of  the  mission. 

Medical  work  begun.  Medical  work  was  begun 
early  in  the  history  of  the  mission,  and  has  proved  an 
important  factor  in  aiding  the  people  and  in  spreading 
the  gospel.  Dr.  Marietta  Hatfield,  who  sailed  in  1891, 
opened  up  this  work  soon  after  her  arrival  on  the  field. 
Realizing  the  beneficial  effect  of  payment  for  service, 
she  charged  a  penny  for  consultation  and  the  price  of 
the  medicine.  This  was  not  only  salutory  for  the 
patient,  but  resulted  in  self-support  so  far  as  medicines, 
appliances,  and  assistants  were  concerned.  All  ex- 
penses, excepting  physician's  salary,  were  paid  out  of 
the  fees  received. 

Death  of  Mr.  West.  In  1894,  the  trustees  decided 
that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  West  should  open  the  Mendi  work. 
Scarcely  had  the  decision  been  made  when  Mr.  W^est 
became  sick,  and  died  on  September  22,  the  twelfth 
anniversary  of  his  consecration  to  missionary  work. 
He  was  buried  near  the  chapel  at  Rotifunk,  where  he 
had  labored  so  faithfully  and  with  such  abundant  suc- 
cess, and  a  tablet  marked  to  his  memory  was  placed  in 
the  chapel. 

The  close  of  the  year  1895  saw  the  beginning  of 
the  construction  of  a  railroad  from  Freetown  into  the 
interior. 


Africa  43 

Bethany  Cottage  built.  Realizing  the  need  of  some 
place  for  recuperation  for  the  missionaries,  the  Board 
of  Managers  recommended  the  building,  in  conjunction 
with  the  General  Board,  of  a  rest  cottage  on  Mt.  Lei- 
cester, just  south  of  Freetown.  Two  acres  of  ground 
1,550  feet  above  sea  level  were  leased  from  the  govern- 
ment. The  house  is  twenty-six  feet  wide  by  fifty  feet 
long.  It  contains  eight  rooms,  and  by  means  of  folding 
doors  and  swinging  windows  the  four  front  rooms  may 
be  changed  into  a  piazza  ten  feet  wide  by  fifty  feet  long. 
The  corner-stone  was  laid  by  Bishop  Mills,  November 
4,  1896.  The  house  was  completed  early  in  1897  at  a 
cost  of  $1,000  to  each  Board,  and  was  named  Bethany 
Cottage. 

Brick  making.  The  experiment  of  boring  for  water 
at  Rotifunk  after  many  difficulties  was  successful  in 
1897,  and  resulted  in  a  well  sixty  feet  deep,  with  a 
windmill  for  pumping.  A  kiln  of  twenty  thousand 
brick  was  burned,  the  boys  doing  all  the  molding. 
These  were  used  in  building  kitchens  to  the  boys'  and 
girls'  homes,  steps  to  the  school  building  and  mission 
house,  and  pillars  under  the  rice  and  store-house.  Ap- 
plication was  made  by  the  English  government  for  our 
boys  to  make  the  brick  for  the  new  barracks  at  Kwellu. 

At  Taiama,  where  a  school  had  been  opened  in 
1896,  a  deed  was  secured  for  one  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  of  land.  A  mission  house  was  built  and  the  chief 
built  a  barra  for  church  and  school  purposes. 


Uprising  and  massacre  of  missionaries.  In  1898 
hut-tax  had  been  imposed  upon  the  people  by  the  Br 
ish  government  for  the  purpose  of  public  improveme 


44         The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

in  the  protectorate,  but  was  misinterpreted  by  the  peo- 
ple to  mean  ownership  of  their  homes,  and  proved  the 
occasion  for  a  general  uprising  against  all  foreigners  in 
which  all  of  our  missionaries  save  one  gave  up  their 
lives,  and  almost  our  entire  mission  plant  was  de- 
stroyed. Just  at  the  close  of  our  fiscal  year  in  May, 
1898,  came  the  intelligence  of  the  massacre  of  five  of 
our  missionaries  at  Rotifunk  on  May  3 — Rev.  and  Mrs. 
I.  N.  Cain,  Dr.  Marietta  Hatfield,  Dr.  Mary  C.  Archer, 
and  Miss  Ella  M.  Schenck. 

They  had  been  apprised  of  the  danger,  but  were 
unable  to  secure  boatmen  or  hammock  men  to  take 
them  away.  Dr.  Hatfield,  because  of  illness,  could  not 
walk  far.  The  mission  children  had  been  sent  to  their 
homes  and  the  missionaries  hid  in  the  bush  overnight, 
and  early  in  the  morning  attempted  to  get  away,  Dr. 
Hatfield  being  carried  on  the  back  of  one  of  the  boys, 
but  they  were  overtaken  by  the  war  party,  carried  back, 
and  killed  in  front  of  the  mission  grounds  at  Rotifunk. 
The  bones  of  these  were  gathered  by  English  officers, 
put  into  one  box,  and  later  were  interred  in  the  ceme- 
tery at  Rotifunk. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGrew,  who  were  stationed  at  Tai- 
ama,  had  attempted  to  escape  to  Kwellu,  but  were  cap- 
tured, detained  as  prisoners,  and  on  May  9  were  taken 
in  a  canoe  out  to  a  rock  in  the  Taia  River,  opposite 
Taiama,  where  they  were  beheaded.  The  bodies  were 
thrown  into  the  river  and  were  never  found. 

Native  workers  faithful.  Many  of  our  faithful 
native  workers  also  met  death  at  the  hands  of  the  war 
boys.  Those  who  escaped  made  their  way  to  Free- 
town.    Mr.  Arthur  Ward,  in  Freetown  on  business  at 


Africa  45 

the  time,  was  the  sole  surviving  missionary  of  the 
Women's  Board.  He  desired  to  remain  and  learn  for 
himself  of  the  terrible  massacre  and  devastation 
wrought  by  the  war,  but  was  advised  by  the  govern- 
ment to  return  to  America,  so  left  Freetown,  May  5, 
1898. 

Most  of  the  property  of  the  General  Board  was  de- 
stroyed, but,  because  located  on  the  coast,  their  mis- 
sionaries escaped  by  boat  to  Freetown. 

Reconstructio7i. 

Though  paralyzed  at  first,  both  Boards  soon  felt 
that  the  work  must  go  on.  It  was  not  known  whether 
any  missionary  would  be  safe  outside  of  Freetown,  and 
realizing  that  the  beginnings  would  have  to  be  slow, 
arrangements  were  made  for  Rev.  and  Mrs.  J.  R.  King, 
who  were  to  go  out  for  the  General  Board,  to  give  one- 
half  of  their  time  to  the  work  of  the  Women's  Mission- 
ary Association.  They  sailed  September  10,  1898,  made 
Freetown  headquarters,  and  began  the  work  of  recon- 
struction. 

With  the  exception  of  Bethany  Cottage,  the  chap- 
els at  Bompeh  and  Palli,  and  the  mission  house  at 
Rokon,  the  mission  buildings  had  all  been  destroyed. 
All  records  and  rolls  of  membership  were  gone  and  the 
members  were  scattered. 

During  the  months  following  the  uprising,  when 
the  advisability  of  continuing  work  in  Africa  was  being 
weighed  by  the  Boards  at  home,  nine  of  the  native 
workers,  w^ithout  any  compensation  or  direction  from 
the  Boards,  gathered  the  members  together,  itinerated 
regularly  in  sixty-two  towns,  held  religious  services, 
and  carried  on  the  school  work  wherever  possible. 


46  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Everywhere  were  found  the  good  fruits  of  the  mis- 
sion. The  railroad  engineers  spoke  highly  of  the  re- 
sults of  the  mission  work  in  training  young  men,  many 
of  them  employed  by  the  English  government  to  fill 
responsible  positions. 

Work  reorganized,  1899.  While  alone  in  the  field 
for  a  year,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  R.  King  were  able  to  accom- 
plish much  in  gathering  the  forces,  determining  new 
policies  for  the  future,  and  preparing  the  field  for  new 
workers.  Bishop  E.  B.  Kephart,  accompanied  by  six 
missionaries,  sailed  November  15,  1899.  Bishop  Kep- 
hart presided  over  the  conference  of  1900. 

Devotion  of  converts.  In  writing  to  the  home 
church.  Bishop  Kephart  paid  the  following  tribute  to 
the  converts :  "The  spirit  and  devotion  manifested  upon 
the  part  of  the  young  men  and  women  who  were  edu- 
cated and  trained  and  converted  in  our  schools  in 
Africa,  when,  in  a  sense,  they  were  thrown  on  their 
own  responsibility  at  the  time  of  the  uprising,  was 
surely  equal  to  that  manifested  by  the  disciples  after 
the  death  of  our  blessed  Lord.  It  has  demonstrated  the 
fact  that  the  native  convert  can  be  relied  on  under  the 
most  critical  circumstances.  Many  of  these  converts 
have  left  good,  lucrative  positions  to  serve  the  Church 
and  Christ  at  a  greatly  reduced  compensation." 

Cooperation. 

Since  the  territory  operated  by  the  two  Boards  in 
Sierra  Leone  was  so  overlapping,  and  the  work  of  Dr. 
King  as  joint  superintendent  for  one  term  had  been  sat- 
isfactory, it  was  strongly  felt  by  some  of  the  workers  at 


Africa  47 

home,  as  well  as  by  the  missionaries  on  the  field,  that 
the  Avork  should  be  unified  by  some  plan  of  permanent 
cooperation,  or  that  one  of  the  two  Boards  should  take 
over  all  the  work. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  in  1902, 
two  propositions  were  presented  by  the  General  Board, 
one  to  consider  cooperation  and  the  other  that  the 
Women's  Missionary  Association  take  over  their  part 
of  the  work  in  Sierra  Leone.  The  Women's  Board  rec- 
ommended that  a  committee  of  five,  two  from  each 
Board  and  a  fifth  to  be  chosen  by  the  four,  be  appointed 
to  consider  these  propositions,  and  that  this  committee 
be  continued  during  the  year,  and,  after  giving  the  mat- 
ter careful  consideration,  report  to  the  Trustees  and  to 
the  Board  of  Managers  at  their  next  meeting. 

The  committee  chosen  on  cooperation,  composed 
of  Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford  and  Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike,  represent- 
ing the  Association,  Dr.  W.  M.  Bell  and  Dr.  \V.  R. 
Funk,  of  the  General  Board,  and  Bishop  Mills  as  the 
fifth  member,  met  September  22,  23,  1902.  After  full 
conference  it  was  voted : 

1.  That  we  continue  joint  headquarters  in  Free- 
tov/n,  details  for  the  lease  or  purchase,  ownership,  and 
management  to  be  determined  by  both  Boards. 

2.  That  there  be  a  joint  superintendent  elected 
and  supported  by  both  Boards,  with  residence  in  Free- 
town. 

3.  That  a  uniform  schedule  of  salaries  be  estab- 
lished for  all  missionaries,  American  and  native,  of  both 
Boards. 


48  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

4.  That  the  higher  educational  work  of  the  whole 
field  be  left  for  future  consideration,  as  the  need  may 
demand. 

5.  That,  aside  from  the  items  mentioned,  each 
Board  shall  have  control  and  responsibility  as  hereto- 
fore. 

6.  That  a  committee  of  two  members  from  each 
Board  be  empowered  to  carry  out  the  details  of  this 
agreement. 

This  was  ratified  by  the  Trustees.  Dr.  J.  R.  King 
was  appointed  superintendent,  and  he  and  Mrs.  King 
sailed  November  12,  1902. 

Freetown. 

Headquarters  in  Freetown,  1898.  Upon  the  arrival 
of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  R.  King  in  the  fall  of  1898,  headquar- 
ters were  rented  in  Freetown,  the  capital  of  Sierra 
Leone.  Special  evangelistic  work  was  opened  among 
the  Mendis,  for  whom  nothing  was  being  done.  Open 
air  meetings  were  held  regularly  every  Sunday  morn- 
ing in  many  sections  of  the  city.  These  have  multi- 
plied, and  today  many  hundreds  of  people  are  thus 
reached  in  their  own  language. 

A  church  home  was  leased.  This  was  Ebo  Church, 
on  Regent  Road.  The  building  was  repaired  and  dedi- 
cated, 1905,  and  the  church  organization  effected  at 
that  time. 

Albert  Academy.  Plans  were  early  begun  for  es- 
tablishing a  training  school  under  the  joint  control  of 
the  two  Mission  Boards.  In  1903,  the  Mission  Council 
in  Sierra  Leone  decided  upon  Freetown  as  the  most 


Africa  49 

suitable  location  for  the   school.     This   decision  was 
accepted  by  the  Mission  Boards. 

Rev.  R.  P.  Dougherty,  who  had  been  secured  as 
principal,  opened  the  school  October  4,  1904,  in  a  rented 
building  on  East  Street  with  an  enrollment  of  five  stu- 
dents. 

The  same  year,  shortly  after  the  opening  of  the 
school,  the  General  Board  reported  a  gift  received  from 
Mr.  Ralph  Leininger,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  of  $5,000 
toward  the  erection  of  a  building  to  be  named  "Albert 
Academy,"  in  memory  of  his  cousin,  Rev.  Ira  E.  Albert, 
a  missionary  under  the  General  Board,  who  died  in 
Africa,  November  6,  1902.  The  Women's  Missionary 
Association  agreed  to  give  $5,000  to  offset  this  gift. 
That  the  Academy  might  be  established  on  a  $20,000 
basis,  each  Board  agreed  to  raise  an  additional  $5,000, 
this  second  $10,000  to  be  used  as  an  endowment  fund. 
The  $5,000  toward  this  endowment  was  completed  in 
the  spring  of  1906. 

A  very  desirable  location  for  the  school  was  se- 
cured, consisting  of  five  acres  near  Circular  Road,  on 
the  direct  route  to  Mt.  Leicester,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000. 

Mr.  Leininger  enlarged  the  original  plans,  agree- 
ing to  assume  the  additional  expense.  Later,  w^hen,  on 
account  of  the  panic  of  1907,  he  was  unable  to  meet 
this  pledge,  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  agreed 
that  his  gift,  which  already  amounted  to  about  $7,000, 
should  be  considered  as  to  the  Church  and  that  they 
would  raise  the  amount  still  needed. 

The  building  was  begun  in  September,  1906.  Jan- 
uary 14,  1907,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  by  His  Excel- 


50  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

lency,  G.  B.  Haddon-Smith,  acting  governor  of  Sierra 
Leone. 

It  is  an  imposing  cement  block  structure  one  hun- 
dred feet  long  and  forty  feet  wide ;  three  stories  high. 
The  larger  portion  of  the  building  is  used  for  school 
purposes,  while  at  one  end  are  the  resident  quarters  of 
the  missionaries  in  charge.  On  the  first  floor  of  the 
school  portion  are  the  main  assembly  room  and  a  large 
class  room.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  office  and 
library,  the  study  room,  three  lecture  rooms,  the  sci- 
ence laboratory,  and  a  resident  tutor's  room.  The  third 
floor  throughout  the  whole  building  contains  dormi- 
tories for  students  and  resident  tutors.  In  the  base- 
ment are  the  students'  dining  room,  the  manual  train- 
ing shop,  and  storerooms. 

The  grounds  are  beautifully  wooded,  and  afiford 
ample  opportunity  for  outdoor  industrial  work.  A  fine 
cement-block  fence  partly  encloses  the  campus.  The 
approximate  value  of  building  and  grounds  is  $20,000. 

On  January  11,  1908,  the  new  building  was  dedi- 
cated by  Dr.  W.  R.  Funk.  On  January  13,  the  first 
graduating  exercises  of  the  Academy  were  held,  when 
five  young  men  received  their  diplomas. 

During  the  seventeen  years  of  its  existence,  the 
Academy  has  grown  from  an  initial  enrollment  of  five 
to  a  total  registration  of  over  seven  hundred.  In  1920, 
the  attendance  was  ninety-three,  fifty  of  whom  were 
boarders.  Students  come  for  more  than  a  thousand 
miles  to  the  Academy.  Opportunities  for  self-help  are 
oflfered.  Sixteen  young  men  (1920)  supported  them- 
selves by  working  from  four  to  five  hours  a  day  in  the 
woodwork  or  printing  shops. 


Africa  51 

Courses  of  study.  The  departments  of  instruction 
are  Bible,  English,  mathematics,  manual  training,  nat- 
ural science,  history,  languages,  and  business.  The 
paramount  object  of  the  Academy  is  to  educate  young 
men  for  mission  work.  Provision  is  made  for  thorough 
religious,  literary,  physical,  and  industrial  training.  It 
aims  to  give  such  a  comprehensive  preparation  to  each 
student  that,  whether  he  goes  out  as  a  preacher, 
teacher,  professional  man,  or  tradesman,  he  will  be  a 
factor  in  the  extension  of  Christ's  kingdom  in  Africa. 
Its  doors  are  wide  open  to  all  young  men  seeking  gen- 
eral academic  training  along  practical  lines.  The  grad- 
uates and  ex-students  may  be  found  in  various  activi- 
ties in  Sierra  Leone  and  elsewhere  on  the  West  Coast. 

In  recent  years,  manual  training  and  industrial 
work  have  been  emphasized.  Through  this  work,  not 
only  may  students  help  put  themselves  through  school, 
but  the  <lignity  and  value  of  labor  are  taught,  and  the 
boys  trained  to  lives  of  independence.  A  one-story  con- 
crete building  about  twenty-five  by  seventy-five  feet 
was  erected  in  1912  to  meet  the  growing  demands.  The 
work  of  the  printing  press  has  increased  wonderfully. 
In  1919,  the  output  consisted  of  the  Sierra  Leone  Out- 
look, the  monthly  mission  paper,  the  West  Africa  con- 
ference minutes,  the  annual  prospectus  for  the  Acad- 
emy, forty-eight  thousand  pages  of  miscellaneous  mat- 
ter, such  as  handbills  and  hymn  sheets,  besides  a  num- 
ber of  pamphlets  and  seventy-five  thousand  church  en- 
velopes. 

The  woodwork  department  has  had  similar  growth. 
In  1919,  three  hundred  and  eighty  pieces  of  woodwork 
were  turned  out.  These  articles  find  ready  sale.   School 


52  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

desks  for  our  various  mission  schools,  together  with 
other  needed  equipment  and  church  and  home  furni- 
ture, are  made  at  Albert  Academy.  Another  much- 
needed  addition  was  added  to  the  industrial  building 
in  1919. 

There  has  also  been  erected  a  building  called  the 
Barrie,  a  gift  from  Rev.  and  Mrs.  E.  M.  Hursh.  It 
measures  eighteen  by  thirty  feet.  At  the  present  time 
it  is  used  temporarily  to  provide  more  room  for  the 
Manual  Training  Department.  But  its  purpose  is  to 
provide  a  place  for  indoor  games,  study,  band  practice, 
etc.  The  school  is  also  provided  with  a  bath  house  or 
indoor  swimming  pool.  In  the  five-year  program  of 
the  United  Enlistment  Movement  a  dormitory  build- 
ing is  asked  for.  This  is  greatly  needed  to  make  pos- 
sible the  expansion  of  the  work  of  the  school. 

Itinerants'  League.  An  "Itinerants'  League"  was 
organized  among  the  students  in  1907.  Its  object  is  to 
promote  grace  and  Christian  fellowship  among  its 
members ;  to  aid  them  in  practical  Christian  service, 
and  especially  to  carry  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  to  the 
untaught  native  people  of  Freetown.  Hundreds  of 
meetings  are  held  during  the  year  and  thousands  thus 
have  the  opportunity  of  hearing  the  gospel  story.  Con- 
ferences are  held  at  the  Academy  every  Saturday  even- 
ing, preparatory  to  the  meetings  to  be  held  on  Sunday. 
Reports  are  received  and  the  work  outlined ;  the  needs 
are  discussed  and  suggestions  made.  Thus,  the  work 
is  systematically  and  definitely  directed  and  the  league 
impresses  the  students  with  the  responsibilities  and 
calls  of  the  work. 


Africa  53 

Mission  headquarters  erected.  The  inconvenience 
of  frequent  removals  and  the  difficulties  in  obtaining 
suitable  quarters  in  Freetown  made  it  imperative  that 
a  missionary  home  should  be  secured.  In  the  spring  of 
1907  it  v^as  agreed  by  both  Boards  that  fees  accruing 
from  the  American  consul  work  which  Dr.  King  and 
Mr.  Dougherty  were  doing  during  the  absence  of  the 
consul  should  be  used  to  purchase  ground.  They  also 
authorized  the  erection  of  a  house  to  cost  $5,000,  this 
amount  to  be  borne  equally  by  both  Boards.  A  valu- 
able site  was  secured  on  Gloucester,  one  of  the  princi- 
pal streets  of  the  city,  and  next  door  to  the  postoffice. 
The  home  was  completed  in  1908.  It  is  a  three-story 
structure  of  concrete  block  and  is  much  appreciated  by 
all  our  missionaries,  as  it  gives  our  superintendent  and 
his  wife  better  facilities  for  conducting  their  work,  and 
also  furnishes  a  comfortable  home  for  our  other  mis- 
sionaries when  in  Freetown.  There  is  ample  office 
room  for  committees  and  council  and  conference  meet- 
ings. The  store  and  packing  rooms  are  of  great  value, 
as  all  the  supplies  for  all  our  other  stations  are  deliv- 
ered to  headquarters  and  repacked  in  suitable  boxes 
before  shipping.  The  total  cost  of  the  ground  and 
building  was  $7,800. 

Until  1920,  the  superintendent  and  his  wife  had 
charge  at  headquarters,  and,  along  with  the  arduous 
work  of  supervising  the  field,  they  had  charge  of  all 
the  business  of  the  mission  and  were  custodians  of  the 
mission  funds.  But  the  ten-year  policy  approved  by 
the  Board  in  1918  provided  for  a  secretary-treasurer. 
This  position  has  been  filled,  and  the  superintendent 
and  wife  are  now  relieved  to  give  themselves  to  direct 


54 


Africa  55 

supervision  and  more  constructive  administration 
duties. 

Dr.  J.  R.  King  continued  as  superintendent  until 
1912,  when  he  felt  it  necessary  to  resign.  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
King  had  given  nearly  eighteen  years  of  efficient  serv- 
ice in  Africa.  Rev.  E.  M.  Hursh,  v/ho  had  served  at 
different  times  as  acting  superintendent,  succeeded 
Dr.  King.  Upon  the  retirement  of  ]\lr.  and  Mrs. 
Hursh  in  July,  1921,  Rev.  J.  F.  Musselman  became 
superintendent  of  the  Mission. 

Our  mission  in  Africa  was  encouraged  and  helped 
at  various  times  by  the  visits  of  Bishops  Kephart,  Hott, 
Mills,  Howard,  and  Secretary  S.  S.  Hough,  Dr.  W.  R. 
Funk,  and  Mr.  A.  J.  Ruth. 

Missions  in  the  Protectorate 

The  missionary  work  of  our  Church  in  the  protec- 
torate of  Sierre  Leone  has  been  largely  centered  in  four 
tribes — the  Temni,  the  Mendi,  the  Sherbro,  and  the 
Kono. 

The  Temni  Tribe 
Rotifiink. 
Rotifunk  is  the  center  of  our  work  in  the  Temni 
Country.  Som^e  time  after  the  uprising,  the  governor 
gave  orders  that  Rotifunk  should  be  rebuilt,  and  this 
was  slowly  accomplished  with  larger  and  better 
houses.  The  railroad,  which  had  been  projected  from 
Freetown  into  the  interior,  passes  through  Rotifunk, 
and  the  station  is  located  on  the  mission  grounds. 
Soon  a  postoffice  was  established,  and  telegraph  serv- 
ice was  in  operation.  A  deed  was  secured  for  the  one 
hundred  acres  of  ground.     The  mission  house,  36x26 


56  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

feet  with  a  kitchen  20x12  feet,  was  rebuilt  on  the  same 
site  as  the  one  destroyed,  and  for  a  time  served  as  a 
missionary  residence  and  boys'  home. 

During  the  year  the  boys'  home  was  built  from 
brick  made  by  the  mission  bo3^s.  The  church  was 
reorganized  with  sixty-one  members. 

Martyrs  Memorial  Church.  In  1900  the  natives 
started  a  subscription  to  rebuild  the  chapel,  and 
promised  to  pay  for  it  in  money  or  labor.  They  were 
encouraged  in  this,  for  it  was  felt  that  a  church  which 
they  had  helped  to  build  would  mean  more  to  them. 
Later  it  was  decided  that  it  should  be  a  memorial 
church,  in  memory  of  the  missionaries  massacred  in 
1898.  It  is  a  strong  stone  structure.  The  auditorium 
is  40x33  feet;  Sunday-school  room  24x23  feet.  The 
church  cost  $4,300 ;  of  this  amount  $2,370  was  collected 
on  the  field.  On  the  front  wall  of  the  auditorium  were 
placed  three  beautiful  granite  tablets ;  the  central  one 
in  memory  of  the  martyrs ;  to  the  right,  one  in  memory 
of  Rev.  R.  N.  West;  to  the  left,  one  in  memory  of 
Miss  Frances  Williams  and  Miss  Elma  Bittle. 

There  are  two  large  cathedral  glass  windows,  one 
presented  in  memory  of  the  paramount  chief,  J.  C.  B. 
Caulker ;  the  other  was  the  gift  of  the  missionaries  in 
memory  of  those  who  suffered  death  in  1898. 

On  the  outside,  directly  under  the  large  front  win- 
dow, a  grey  stone  is  set  in  the  wall,  marked  as  fol- 
lows : 

In  Memory  of  the 

Martyrs  of  1898, 

United  Brethren  in  Christ. 

W.  M.  A.  1902. 


Africa  57 

The  dedicatory  services  were  held  October  9,  1904, 
the  governor  being  present. 

A  boys'  home  and  a  day  school  are  conducted  at 
this  station.  In  1921  the  day  school  is  reported  as  one 
of  the  best  with  an  enrollment  of  one  hundred  ten. 

We  have  a  strong,  faithful  membership  in  the 
church  at  Rotifunk.  The  evangelistic  work  is  carried 
forward  constantly.  All  departments  of  church  work, 
under  a  native  pastor,  are  organized  and  flourishing. 
Every  Sunday  the  boys  go  out  in  groups,  sometimes 
walking  five  or  six  miles,  sometimes  reaching  as  many 
as  forty  villages,  and  give  to  the  people  the  message  of 
salvation. 

A  sacred  spot  at  Rotifunk  is  the  cemetery.  Here 
are  the  graves  of  our  martyrs  and  of  all  the  white  mis- 
sionaries of  both  Boards  who  have  laid  down  their 
lives  in  Africa,  with  the  exception  of  Mrs.  Riebel, 
whose  grave  is  in  a  Freetown  cemetery. 

Dr.  Zenora  Griggs,  who  arrived  on  the  field  in  the 
fall  of  1900,  reopened  a  dispensary  at  this  station  in 
the  basement  of  the  mission  house.  At  first  but  few 
came  for  treatment,  and  the  work  was  carried  on  in  an 
irregular  way. 

Hatfield-Archer  Dispensary.  Realizing  the  need 
of  more  extensive  quarters  and  the  advantage  of  hav- 
ing them  removed  from  the  mission  house,  a  dis- 
pensary was  erected  on  the  mission  grounds  near  the 
spot  where  Dr.  Archer  gave  up  her  life.  It  was  built 
of  brick,  most  of  it  made  by  hand,  the  work  of  the 
mission  boys.  It  is  a  story  and  a  half  building  45x22 
feet,  with  a  corrugated  iron  roof,  and  has  a  wide  ve- 
randa entirely  surrounding    the    house.     The    cement 


58  The  WoxMen's  Missionary  Association 

floors  were  laid  by  the  mission  boys.  Some  of  the 
bricks  were  laid  by  them,  and  about  one-third  of  the 
plastering  and  all  the  painting  was  the  work  of  their 
hands.  It  contains  five  rooms — the  dispensing  room, 
consulting  room,  two  wards,  and  a  rest  room. 

A  marble  slab  in  the  front  wall  is  inscribed : 

Hatfield-Archer 

Medical  Dispensary 

1906 

"Heal  the  Sick." 

This  building  gives  the  doctor  better  facilities  for 
her  work,  and  some  extra  rooms  where  patients  may 
remain  for  special  treatment  and  care.  Monday,  Wed- 
nesday and  Saturday  of  each  week  are  the  days  for 
dispensing  medicines.  Often  before  daylight  the  peo- 
ple begin  to  gather  under  the  veranda,  and  at  7  a.  m. 
a  gospel  service  is  held,  the  mission  boys  acting  as 
interpreters.  At  the  close  of  the  service  each  one  is 
given  a  card  with  a  number  on  it.  These  "tickets"  are 
presented  according  to  number.  Any  one  coming  after 
the  service  does  not  receive  a  ticket  and  therefore  must 
necessarily  wait  until  all  the  others  have  received 
treatment — an  inducement  for  them  to  attend  the  serv- 
ices. A  small  sum  is  charged  for  treatment  and  medi- 
cines. 

The  fame  of  our  medical  work  has  spread  over  a 
large  territory.  Many  people  come  long  distances, 
traveling  as  many  as  twelve  days,  to  the  mission  for 
treatment.  The  number  of  cases  treated  each  year 
has  increased  from  two  hundred  to  about  five  thou- 
sand. 


Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike 

One  of  the  organizers  in  1872.       An  officer  in  the  Association 
for  thirty-one  consecutive  years. 


The  First  Chapel,  Rotifunk,  Sierra  Leone,  Built  in  1884. 


Martyrs  Memorial  Church,  Rotifunk,  Sierra  Leone. 


Africa  59 

No  one  can  estimate  the  need  of  ministry  to 
these  poor  diseased  bodies,  and  this  is  but  a  step  to  the 
evangelistic  work,  reaching  to  their  souls. 

Industrial  work.  The  industrial  work  among  the 
boys  who  live  at  the  Boys'  Home  on  the  mission 
grounds  has  been  carried  on  almost  consecutively,  but 
with  many  hindrances.  Several  hours  each  day  must 
be  devoted  to  various  industrial  activities.  \Miile  no 
work  has  been  done  on  a  large  scale,  still  the  boys  have 
learned  a  great  deal  about  agriculture,  and  at  times 
carpentry  and  blacksmith  work,  the  making  and  lay- 
ing of  brick  and  cement,  the  making  of  furniture, 
painting,  etc.  Much  practical  knowledge  has  been 
gained  and  our  boys  are  sought  by  the  English  gov- 
ernment for  various  positions  ;  one  of  them  did  most 
of  the  surveying  for  the  railroad  which  was  built  into 
the  interior. 

Agricultural  work.  Along  agricultural  lines, 
pineapples  and  bananas  are  raised,  coffee,  palm,  and 
kola  trees,  the  latter  bearing  a  marketable  nut;  rice, 
cassava,  and  yams  are  grown,  the  last  two  being  fair 
substitutes  for  potatoes.  Some  little  experiment  has 
been  made  with  cotton. 

Other  stations.  Other  stations  in  the  Temni 
country  are  Bompeh,  Palli,  Bradford,  Yenkisa,  Sem- 
behu,  Moccolo,  Ronietta,  Yonnie  Banna,  Makundu, 
Rokon,  Rotower,  Malancho,  Roruks,  Mamaligi,  and 
Gbamgbatoke.  In  many  of  these  stations  work  has 
been  carried  on  for  many  years  and  strong  aggressive 
churches  and  schools  are  growing  up.  In  a  number  of 
these  towns  we  have  good  substantial  church  build- 


60  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

ings.  There  are  still  many  people  in  the  Temni  Coun- 
try who  are  waiting  for  us  to  give  them  the  gospel 
story  for  the  first  time. 

The  Mendi  Tribe 

Moyamba. 

Moyamba  and  Taiama  are  the  chief  centers  of  our 
work  in  the  Mendi  tribe.  In  1899  Moyamba  was  made 
the  government  headquarters  of  Ronietta  district.  It 
is  situated  on  the  railroad  twenty-one  miles  east  of 
Rotifunk  and  is  connected  with  Rotifunk  by  a  highway 
sixty  to  eighty  feet  wide. 

In  1900  a  deed  was  secured  for  eight  acres  of  land 
between  the  government  headquarters  and  the  town. 
On  this  was  a  large  barra,  erected  by  the  government, 
which  was  used  for  a  church  and  for  school  purposes. 
A  new  church  building,  a  substantial  stone  structure, 
was  completed  in  1902.  A  pastor's  house  has  also 
been  erected.    A  school  house  was  built  in  1905. 

Home  located  at  Moyamba.  After  the  reconstruc- 
tion it  was  thought  advisable  to  move  the  girls  to 
Moyamba.  The  native  house,  the  first  home  of  the 
missionaries,  was  reroofed  and  repaired  and  used  as 
a  home  for  the  girls  for  several  years.  In  1906  plans 
were  made  for  a  new  building,  which  was  really  two 
homes,  the  girls  and  missionaries  to  be  under  one  roof, 
but  so  divided  that  each  home  was  complete  in  itself. 
This  greatly  facilitated  matters  for  the  missionary 
in  charge.  The  home  was  completed  and  the  mis- 
sionaries moved  in  shortly  before  Christmas,  1907.  It 
is  built  of  concrete  block  at  a  cost  of  $4,574.40.  The 
old  mission  house  was  removed  and  placed  at  the  back 


Africa  61 

of  the  dormitory  on  a  new  foundation,  thus  furnishing 
accommodations  for  ahnost  twice  the  number  of  girls. 

The  growth  of  the  work  soon  made  larger  quarters 
imperative.  Temporary  relief  was  obtained  by  erect- 
ing a  native  house  in  1919,  thus  providing  places  for 
thirty  of  the  smaller  girls. 

New  building  erected.  A  new  and  adequate  build- 
ing was  planned,  and  early  in  1921,  the  work  was 
started.  A  large  share  of  the  funds  was  provided  by 
Woman's  Day  offerings  and  Love-Offerings.  The  new 
building  will  be  one  hundred  twenty  feet  by  fifty  feet, 
three  stories  high.  On  the  first  or  ground  floor  will 
be  a  dining  room,  play  court,  and  laundry  facilities. 
The  class  rooms,  library,  office,  and  quarters  for  one 
missionary  will  occupy  the  second  floor,  and  dormi- 
tory rooms  the  third  floor.  The  building  will  be  con- 
structed of  concrete  and  will  afford  accommodations 
for  one  hundred  girls.  Thus,  the  influence  of  Moy- 
amba  school  will  be  extended  not  alone  through  the 
added  number  of  girls  who  can  be  received,  but  be- 
cause of  the  saving  in  force  and  energy  of  the  mis- 
sionaries that  will  be  effected  through  a  modern  well- 
equipped  plant.  To  provide  ample  room  for  the  en- 
larged work  at  Moyamba  a  lease  was  recently  secured 
for  additional  ground,  increasing  the  area  of  the  com- 
pound to  about  twelve  acres. 

The  attendance  has  increased  from  year  to  year 
until  over  sixty  girls  are  in  the  boarding  school.  Sew- 
ing and  other  household  arts  have  always  been  taught 
an  various  forms,  but  there  was  a  feeling  that  the 
scope  of  the  work  should  be  enlarged.  The  course  of 
study  was  modified  and  enlarged  to  cover  a  period  of 


62  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

nine  years.  This  course  gives  the  required  literary 
subjects  and  music,  also  training  in  cookery,  house- 
hold management,  home  nursing,  dressmaking,  gar- 
dening and  laundering.  The  Bible  is  taught  through- 
out the  course  and  instruction  in  practical  Christian 
work  is  given.  Having  completed  all  the  work  pre- 
scribed in  the  new  course,  three  girls  were  graduated 
in  December,  1920,  two  of  whom  are  now  teachers  in 
the  school. 

The  members  of  the  Phelp-Stokes  Educational 
Commission,  who  spent  nine  months  in  Africa  making 
a  survey  of  educational  conditions,  after  visiting  Moy- 
amba,  spoke  of  the  work  as  comparing  favorably  with 
the  work  of  similar  grade  conducted  at  Hampton  and 
Tuskegee.  The  high  grade  of  work  is  also  evidenced 
in  the  fact  that  the  British  government  allows  a  grant 
each  year  to  this  as  well  as  to  others  of  our  schools. 

At  Moyamba  we  have  a  strong  work  among  the 
English-speaking  population  and  the  people  contribute 
toward  the  expense  of  the  church  work.  As  the  dis- 
trict government  headquarters,  the  station  is  one  of 
great  importance.  Chiefs  and  their  followers  come 
from  places  where  there  are  no  missions,  and  special 
meetings  are  frequently  arranged  for  these  groups. 
For  several  years  work  has  been  carried  on  in  the  jail 
and  court  messengers'  barracks,  located  here,  and  good 
results  have  been  obtained.  At  several  times,  con- 
demned prisoners  have  professed  their  faith  in  Jesus 
and  have  received  the  rite  of  baptism. 

Taiaina. 
Taiama  is  the  largest  purely  uncivilized  town  in 
which  we  have  work.    Politically  it  is  a  center  of  great 


Africa  63 

importance,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  it  holds  the  same 
stragetic  importance  as  a  center  for  evangelization. 

After  the  war,  Taiama  was  destroyed  by  the 
British  soldiers  and,  before  permitting  it  to  be  re- 
built, the  officers  gave  directions  in  laying  out  the 
town. 

Early  in  1901,  one  of  the  native  pastors  was  sent 
to  reopen  the  work ;  a  mission  house  was  built  by  the 
natives,  and  a  school  started  at  once.  A  permanent 
mission  house  was  built  in  1904.  A  church  was  or- 
ganized here  in  1906  and  a  stone  building  erected. 

Tablet  memory  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGrew.  An 
inscribed  tablet  was  sent  out  in  the  spring  of  1903  to 
mark  the  place  where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGrew  were 
massacred.  Since  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year 
water  rushes  over  the  rock  where  their  lives  were 
sacrificed,  and  the  high  bank  shuts  it  from  view  un- 
less one  gets  to  the  water's  edge,  the  tablet  was  placed 
on  the  bank  of  the  river  where  it  can  easily  be  seen 
and  read.  A  hand  points  to  the  rock.  The  inscription 
reads,  "On  this  Rock  the  American  Missionaries,  Rev. 
L.  A.  McGrew  and  his  wife,  Clara  McGrew,  were 
massacred  May  9,  1898." 

Home  for  boys.  Because  of  the  failure  to  secure 
the  cooperation  of  the  people  at  Tiama  in  sending 
their  children  to  school,  the  missionaries  in  charge  of 
the  work  at  Tiama,  opened  a  home  for  boys  which  they 
practically  supported  from  their  own  resources.  For 
some  years  there  have  been  thirty  or  more  boys  in 
this  home  who  make  up  almost  the  entire  enrollment 
of  the  day  school.     A  great  impetus  to  the  school  as 


64  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

well  as  to  all  the  workers  at  the  station  was  experi- 
enced when  in  June,  1821,  the  chief  and  his  people  re- 
cruited the  school  with  thirty-seven  boys  and  two 
girls  brought  in  from  the  surrounding  villages,  all  to 
become  members  of  the  mission  family.  Their  support 
in  the  home  is  promised  by  the  chief.  This  brought 
the  enrollment  of  the  school  up  to  nearly  eighty — the 
largest  in  its  history.  The  present  chief,  who  is  a 
staunch  adherent  to  the  church,  is  a  great  blessing  to 
the  work.  He  took  measures  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
liquor  in  his  chieftaincy  in  1920  and  succeeded,  having 
the  support  of  the  colonial  government.  There  are 
more  than  a  hundred  towns  under  the  direct  super- 
vision of  this  chief  and  many  of  these  have  not  come 
under  the  influence  of  the  Gospel.  Meetings  for  preach- 
ing and  instruction  are  held  each  week  in  six  different 
parts  of  the  town  and  an  interesting  Sunday  school 
meets  every  Sunday  afternoon.  Our  missionaries  and 
the  itinerants  visit  regularly  fifteen  or  twenty  towns, 
and  at  longer  intervals  hold  meetings  in  many  others. 

Other  stations.  Other  stations  in  the  Mendi  country 
in  addition  to  Moyamba  and  Taiama  are  Mokouri, 
Lunga,  Senehu,  Jama,  Mongheri,  Damballa,  Yoy- 
ema,  Kwellu,  Makori,  Mano,  Hangha,  and  Pen- 
dembu.  The  schools  at  these  stations  outside  of 
Moyamba  and  Taiama  are  made  up  largely  of  boys  of 
Junior  grade;  the  churches  are  promising  and  located 
in  centers  where  they  exert  a  great  influence  for  good. 
Hangha  is  the  station  where  the  workers  for  the  Kono 
country  leave  the  railway  and  start  on  the  sixty  mile 
journey  overland.  Pendembu  is  the  station  at  the  end 
of  the  railway  line  and  is  near  the   Liberian  border 


Africa  65 

and  the  Kissi  country,  where  the  need  of  the  gospel 
is  so  great.  Pendembu  is  a  busy  trading  center  and 
presents  a  great  opportunity  for  the  preaching  of  the 
gospel.  There  are  many  large  towns  in  the  Mendi 
country  where  the  gospel  has  never  been  heard. 

The  Sherbro  Tribe 

Shcnge. 

The  Foreign  Missionary  Society  opened  work 
among  the  Sherbro  tribe  in  1857.  The  chief  station  is 
Shenge.  Here  the  Rufus  Clarke  and  Wife  Training 
School  is  located.  Many  men  and  women  have  gone 
forth  from  this  school  to  take  their  places  as  Christian 
teachers  and  leaders.  A  large  part  of  our  staff  of 
African  workers  had  its  training  in  this  school. 

At  Shenge  we  have  a  well  organized  church  with 
the  different  departments,  viz.,  Sunday  school,  Chris- 
tian Endeavor,  both  Senior  and  Junior,  a  boarding 
school,  day  school,  sub-dispensary  and  farm. 

Other  stations  among  the  Sherbros.  There  are 
eleven  additional  stations,  each  with  its  church  and  day 
school,  in  the  Sherbro  Tribe:  Rembee,  Martyn, 
Mambo,  Mopaley,  Mando,  Mofuss,  Otterbein,  Thum- 
ba,  Bendu,  Daymah  and  Bonthe.  The  last  three  are 
located  on  Sherbro  Island,  Bonthe  being  the  principal 
station.  At  Bonthe  there  is  a  strong  church  well  or- 
ganized in  all  its  departments,  the  first  in  the  confer- 
ence to  reach  self-support,  and  the  foremost  in  Chris- 
tian giving.  Missionary  Day  was  observed  in  this 
church  recently,  with  twenty-five  new  members  and 
eighty-four  pounds  sterling   ($420.00)   as  an  offering. 

The  church  building  at  this  station  is  considered 
one   of   the   best   ever   erected   in   our   fields   abroad. 


66  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Nine-tenths  of  all  the  money  needed  for  its  erection 
was  contributed  by  the  native  Christians  and  their 
friends.  There  is  a  splendid  day  school  at  this  sta- 
tion. 

The  Kono  Tribe 

The  Kono  Country  comprises  3,600  to  4,000  square 
miles  with  a  population,  according  to  the  1921  census, 
of  over  100,000.  The  country  is  divided  into  twelve 
chiefdoms  each  with  its  paramount  chief  or  king.  Un- 
til the  opening  of  our  work  there  in  1910,  by  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  J.  Hal  Smith,  there  had  been  no  Christian  Mis- 
sionary among  these  people.  The  work  was  opened  at 
Jiama. 

As  soon  as  possible  work  was  begun  on  trans- 
lating the  Scriptures  into  the  Kono.  Within  a  year 
Mrs.  Smith  was  rejoicing  over  the  completion  of  the 
translation  of  the  Gospel  of  John.  A  Kono-English 
dictionary  was  also  compiled.  The  translation  of  the 
Gospel  of  Matthew  was  published  by  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  in  1919. 

The  work  at  Jiama  progressed  nicely.  Sunday 
school  and  Bible  classes  were  established  and  in  1914 
the  church  was  organized  with  thirteen  members. 

During  the  second  term  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
the  illness  of  Mrs.  Smith  made  it  necessary  for  her  to 
leave  the  field.  During  her  absence  Rev.  Smith  died 
from  an  accidental  shot  from  a  gun  he  was  carrying. 
This  left  the  Kono  station  unsupplied  until  1916, 
when  Mr.  W.  N.  Wimmer,  returning  to  Africa  for  his 
third  term,  went  to  the  Kono  station.  A  branch  dis- 
pensary has  also  been  opened  here  and  a  hospital  is 


Africa  67 

now  being  erected,  the  gift  of  Mr.  William  Michener, 
of  St.  Anns,  Ontario. 

There  are  two  sub-stations  among  the  Kono  peo- 
ple, Kangama  and  Kai  Yima.  Here  schools  have  been 
organized  and  services  are  held  on  the  Sabbath.  Over 
fifty  thousand  people  remain  untouched  by  the  gos- 
pel in  this  needy  land. 

Development  of  the  African  Church. 
West  African  Missionary  Society.  The  African 
church  has  had  steady  and  encouraging  growth.  At 
the  West  Africa  Conference  of  1909  the  Conference 
Branch  Missionary  Society  v/as  formed.  In  1911, 
$805.00  were  contributed,  making  possible  the  main- 
tenance of  three  mission  stations.  Two  of  these  were 
stations  already  occupied :  Yonnie  Banna  and  Pen- 
dembu ;  the  third  a  new  station — Kangahu,  a  promising 
opening  on  the  railway  line.  This  station  was  aban- 
doned a  few  years  later.  Work  was  begun  also  at 
Mattru,  on  the  Jong  River,  and  at  Hangha.  Not  only 
have  the  missionary  offerings  increased  largely,  but 
the  African  churches  have  advanced  in  self-conscious- 
ness, and  in  self-support.  The  weekly  envelope  sys- 
tem has  been  installed.  Many  of  the  members  are 
tithers.  In  spite  of  the  famine  and  disturbed  condi- 
tions of  1919,  the  offerings  at  the  end  of  the  year  to- 
taled one  thousand  dollars  more  than  the  year  pre- 
ceding. In  1920  the  total  giving  on  the  field  amount- 
ed to  $6846.91.  Taking  the  work  as  a  whole  the  re- 
ceipts in  regular  church  offerings  and  school  fees 
cover  one-third  the  entire  current  expense  of  main- 
taining the  churches  and  schools,  including  African 
workers'  salaries  and  all  the  local  expenses. 


68  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Summary.  To  carry  on  the  work  in  Africa,  we 
had  in  the  spring-  of  1909,  twelve  American  mission- 
aries and  twenty-eight  African  workers.  At  the  con- 
ference that  year  there  were  reported  ten  organized 
churches,  180  regular  preaching  places,  278  communi- 
cant members,  1,250  adherents,  fifteen  Sunday  schools, 
with  a  membership  of  810,  fourteen  day  schools  and 
three  boarding  schools  with  a  combined  enrollment  of 
681,  eight  Junior  and  Senior  Christian  Endeavor  so- 
cieties, one  dispensary,  in  which  3,266  cases  were 
treated  during  1908.  The  total  value  of  property  was 
$38,040.00.  These  figures  do  not  include  the  work 
under  the  charge  of  the  Board  of  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society. 

In  1920  the  combined  work  of  our  Church  in 
Africa  was  represented  by  twenty-eight  missionaries, 
eighty-two  native  workers,  twenty-eight  organized 
churches,  seven  hundred  fifty  other  preaching  places, 
one  thousand  three  hundred  and  eight  communicant 
members,  twenty-five  Sunday  schools  with  an  enroll- 
ment of  one  thousand  three  hundred  fourteen,  three 
Senior  Christian  Endeavor  societies  with  a  member- 
ship of  eighty-six,  thirteen  Junior  societies  with  a 
membership  of  five  hundred  thirty-seven,  thirty-two 
day  and  boarding  schools  with  an  enrollment  of  one 
thousand  one  hundred  eighty-seven,  five  dispensaries 
and  sub-dispensaries  where  ten  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred twenty-five  cases  were  treated.  The  total  value 
of  property  is  $121,889. 

The  Program  for  the  Future. 

A  ten-year  policy  has  been  outlined  by  the  work- 
ers in  Africa  looking  forward  to  increased  efficiency 


Africa  69 

and  enlarged  scope  in  meeting  the  opportunities  of  the 
field.  This  policy  was  approved  by  the  Board  in  its 
annual  session  of  1918.  The  years  1920-1930  are  in- 
cluded in  the  planning,  and  stress  is  placed  upon  the 
necessity  for  adequate  staffing  and  equipment.  A  high 
standard  of  ability,  character  and  training  is  set  as  a 
requirement  for  those  desiring  to  serve  as  mission- 
aries. The  following  is  considered  an  adequate  staff: 
four  evangelistic  families  and  four  families  or  their 
equivalent  in  single  women  for  educational  and  in- 
dustrial work,  to  be  equally  apportioned  to  the  four 
language  areas  with  Shenge,  Rotifunk,  Taiama  and 
Jiama  as  centers ;  three  nurses  and  two  doctors,  or 
their  equivalent,  to  be  located  at  Rotifunk,  Taiama, 
and  Jiama ;  four  single  women  for  the  Moyamba  Girls' 
School;  three  families  or  two  families  and  a  single 
man  for  Albert  Academy ;  a  mission  treasurer  and  wife 
and  superintendent  and  wife  at  Freetown  headquar- 
ters. This  makes  a  total  of  thirty-three  to  thirty-five 
missionaries.  Further  opportunities  have  caused  the 
asking  of  five  more  missionaries  that  the  great  for- 
ward looking  plans  may  be  carried  out. 

A  Movement  for  the  Masses, 

Enthused  by  the  spirit  of  the  home  church  as 
demonstrated  in  the  United  Enlistment  Movement, 
the  annual  conference  of  1921  launched  a  five  year 
program  called  "A  Movement  for  the  Masses."  While 
called  by  a  different  name,  this  is  in  reality  the  United 
Enlistment  Movement  of  the  West  African  Confer- 
ence, for  all  the  teachings  of  the  United  Enlistment 
Movement  are  emphasized.    The  goals  adopted  are : 


70         The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

1.  "Spiritual  Life.  As  a  means  of  grace  in  the 
nurture  of  our  spiritual  life  we  shall  urge  upon  our 
people  the  establishment  of  a  family  altar  in  each 
home,  the  deepening  of  the  prayer  life  of  each  member, 
devotional  Bible  study,  and  faithful  attendance  at  the 
public  services  of  the  church. 

2.  "Evangelism.  That  every  member  be  a  soul 
winner  and  that  a  net  increase  of  ten  percent  in  the 
membership  of  each  church  be  reported  each  year. 

3.  "Leadership.  That  there  be  a  twenty-five 
percent  increase  each  year  in  enrollment  in  the  day 
and  Sunday  schools  and  the  Christian  Endeavor  So- 
cieties. That  we  seek  to  enlist  one  hundred  life  work 
recruits  within  the  five-year  period. 

4.  "Stewardship.  That  one  hundred  new  tithing 
stewards  be  enrolled  each  year. 

5.  "Missions.  That  a  seventy-five  percent  in- 
crease in  the  gifts  to  missions  and  benevolences  be 
gained  each  year  so  that  the  gifts  to  this  fund  may  be 
at  least  one  thousand  pounds  in  1925,  and  as  a  mis- 
sionary goal  our  principal  objective  in  addition  to  oc- 
cupying the  territory  we  now  claim  to  be  open  work 
in  one  or  more  towns  of  the  Kissi  country  beyond  Pen- 
dembu  within  the  next  five  years." 


GERMANY 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  at  Fos- 
toria,  Ohio,  in  May,  1880,  Rev.  C.  Bischoff,  superin- 
tendent of  the  work  of  our  Church  in  Germany,  and 
Rev.  D.  K.  Flickinger,  Secretary  of  the  Home,  Fron- 
tier, and  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  told  of  the  need 
and  also  of  the  great  opportunity  for  work  in  Germany. 
It  was  agreed  to  pay  $350  toward  the  support  of  a 
pastor  at  Coburg,  a  city  of  about  14,000  inhabitants. 
Rev.  G.  Noetzold,  the  first  missionary,  organized  a 
church  at  this  place,  March  27,  1881,  with  twenty 
members. 

In  the  spring  of  1886,  the  conference  appointed 
Rev.  H.  Barkemeyer  to  Coburg. 

For  years  very  little  success  attended  the  mission 
in  Coburg;  many  difficulties  arose,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1889  the  trustees  officially  gave  back  the  station  to 
the  Home,  Frontier,  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 
This  action  was  approved  by  the  Board  of  Managers 
at  its  meeting  in  Harrisburg,  in  May,  1889. 

Persons  best  acquainted  with  the  field  recom- 
mended that  a  mission  be  opened  in  Berlin,  but  since 
no  suitable  person  was  found  to  undertake  this  work, 
the  Board  of  Managers  at  its  meeting  in  May,  1890,  in 
Summit  Street  Church,  Dayton,  Ohio,  decided  that  the 
fund  for  German  work  be  continued  and  its  appropria- 
tion be  left  to  the  Trustees,  also  that  the  money  raised 
for  a  chapel  in  Germany  be  kept  for  that  purpose. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  in  1892 
it  was  decided  that  the  work  in  Germany  could  better 
be  carried  on  through  the  Home,  Frontier,  and  Foreign 


12         The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Missionary  society,  and  the  Trustees  were  authorized 
to  offer  to  them  the  money  on  hand  for  building  a 
chapel  in  Weimar,  and  also  to  appropriate  $200  for  the 
year  toward  the  support  of  the  pastor.  The  offer  was 
accepted.  A  brick  church  was  erected  at  Weimar,  a 
city  of  16,000  inhabitants,  and  was  dedicated  in  July, 
1896. 


CHINA 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  held  at 
Toledo,  Iowa,  in  May,  1888,  it  was  decided  to  open 
work  in  China,  and  it  was  recommended  that  when 
Moy  Ling,  one  of  the  teachers  in  our  Chinese  mission 
school  in  Portland,  Oregon,  returned  to  China,  Rev. 
George  Sickafoose  should  accompany  him  to  open  the 
work  there.  Because  of  the  "Chinese  Exclusion  Bill" 
the  United  States  Government  refused  to  sign  papers 
permitting  Moy  Ling's  return  to  America,  so  their 
going  was  deferred.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  in  May,  1889,  Moy  Ling 
having  signified  his  intention  of  returning  to  China 
in  the  fall,  it  was  decided  that  Mr.  Sickafoose  should 
accompany  him,  and  also  that  missionaries  should  be 
sent  with  them  who  would  remain  with  the  mission 
when  located. 

Mission  Located.  Miss  Austia  Patterson  (Shu- 
maker)  and  IMiss  Lillian  Shaffner  were  appointed, 
and  Miss  Patterson  became  the  first  superin- 
tendent. The  party  sailed  October  4,  1889,  and 
landed  at  Hong  Kong  October  31.  Here  Miss  Patter- 
son and  Miss  Shaffner  remained  for  a  few  weeks,  visit- 
ing the  different  missions  and  making  the  acquaintance 
of  the  missionaries,  while  Mr.  Sickafoose  and  Moy 
Ling  went  on  to  Canton.  After  thorough  investiga- 
tion it  was  thought  best  to  locate  the  mission  at  Can- 
ton, inasmuch  as  the  port  offered  protection  both  to 
life  and  property,  while  country  districts  were  very 
unsettled.  Besides,  this  place  offered  excellent  op- 
portunities for  mission  work.    It  is  a  city  with  a  popu- 


74  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

lation  estimated  at  two  and  a  half  to  three  millions  of 
people.  There  were  several  missions  already  well  es- 
tablished, yet  the  place  was  by  no  means  evangelized. 
On  the  south  side  of  the  Pearl  River  and  opposite  to 
the  main  part  of  the  city  is  an  island  called  Honam. 
This  island  is  about  twelve  miles  long  and  from  a  mile 
to  a  mile  and  a  half  broad.  Honam,  with  its  population 
of  400,000,  had  but  one  missionary,  and  it  was  decided 
to  locate  the  mission  there. 

Mr.  Sickafoose,  having  completed  his  work,  re- 
turned to  America  the  following  June,  and  Miss  Shaff- 
ner,  because  of  ill  health,  returned  in  October  of  the 
same  year,  leaving  Miss  Patterson  the  only  represent- 
ative of  our  Church  in  the  great  Chinese  Empire. 
With  courage  and  heroism  and  a  deep  conviction  of 
God's  call,  she  gave  herself  to  the  work,  and  in  a  short 
time  had  mastered  the  language  sufficiently  well  to 
enable  her  to  do  house-to-house  visiting  with  the  aid 
of  a  Bible  woman.  Dr.  Lovina  Halverson  and  Dr. 
Regina  Bigler  soon  reenforced  her. 

The  year  of  1894  was  one  of  great  hardship.  Bu- 
bonic plague  was  raging  in  Canton  and  many  thou- 
sands of  the  Chinese  died.  By  posting  malicious  pla- 
cards, it  was  easy  for  vicious  persons  to  inflame  the 
anti-foreign  populace  against  the  missionaries.  The 
most  absurd  stories  were  current  of  foreign  doctors 
who  administered  drugs  to  hasten  death,  and  then  used 
the  eyes  of  the  dead  for  medical  purposes.  Such  a 
state  of  feeling  was  aroused  that  one  day,  while  at- 
tempting to  render  aid  to  a  man  apparently  dying  on 
the  street.  Dr.  Halverson  was  attacked  by  a  mob  of 
ruffians,  and,  but  for  the  courage  of  Captain  Barton,  a 


China  75 

customs  officer,  she  would  undoubtedly  have  been 
killed.  Dr.  Bigler,  going  in  search  of  Dr.  Halverson, 
encountered  the  same  mob,  sullen  and  angry  from  their 
defeat,  and  was  driven  into  a  blind  alley  from  which 
escape  seemed  impossible,  when  she  was  recognized 
by  a  Chinese  Christian  who  took  her  into  his  home. 

Mission  Compound  purchased.  After  long  and 
careful  investigation  and  many  delays,  a  site  was  ob- 
tained for  a  mission  compound  and  a  deed  secured 
February  25,  1898.  This  plot  of  land  on  the  very  point 
of  the  island  of  Honam  was  about  200  feet  long  by  140 
feet  wide,  and  had  the  river  on  two  sides.  It  was  en- 
closed by  a  wall  eight  feet  high  with  two  gates,  one 
opening  to  the  street  and  the  other  to  our  own  boat 
landing.  The  compound  was  named  Beth  Eden — 
House  of  Pleasantness. 

The  building  of  a  mission  residence  was  author- 
ized by  the  Board  of  Managers  at  its  annual  meeting 
in  May,  1897,  and  by  January,  1899,  the  building  was 
ready  for  occupancy.  Until  this  time  the  missionaries 
had  lived  in  native  houses  not  far  from  Beth  Eden. 

The  year  1900  marked  another  perilous  time.  Be- 
cause of  the  Boxer  uprising  the  foreigners'  residence 
in  China  became  very  unsafe.  The  consuls  urged  all 
men  and  women  with  families  to  seek  protection  at 
the  coast  ports,  and  all  our  missionaries  except  Dr. 
Shumaker  went  to  Hong  Kong,  which  is  a  British 
port  and  is  among  the  most  impregnable  fortifications 
in  the  world.  Dr.  Shumaker,  who  remained  in  Canton 
at  his  own  request,  superintended  the  erection  of  the 
Girls'  Boarding  School. 


XAAP 

CANTON 

AMD 

ENVIRONS 

UNITED  BRETHREN  TERRITORY 

SOUTH  "CHINA 


t ^ORCAMIZED  CHURCHES 

O   PBEACHIMC  PLACES 

®  CATiTON  @  ^lu  Lam 


Headquarters 

MiaSIOMAKY  RESlDEnCC5 

*Foi;r<Di.i«Q  Home 
Medical  Dupeiisary 
BoY'3  Qrajmmar  School 


ML&SIONARY  BtStDEKCU 

Miller  Semimarv 
Hospital 


76 


China  77 

First  churches  organized.  There  had  been  many 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  regular  church  organization. 
The  Chinese  had  not  only  to  learn  of  Christ,  but  the 
converts  had  little  conception  of  church  government, 
and  during  the  eighteen  years  since  the  beginning  of 
our  work  in  China  the  converts  had  been  gathered,  in- 
structed, baptized,  and  received  into  the  mission.  In 
the  closing  months  of  1907,  five  churches  were  or- 
ganized, Kwai  Chau,  Hang  Tan,  Canton,  San  Tong, 
and  Siu  Lam. 

Conference  organized,  1908.  January  4  and  5, 
1908,  a  mission  conference  was  organized  by  Bishop 
Mills  composed  of  all  the  missionaries  and  eight  Chin- 
ese workers.  A  course  of  study  was  outlined  and  plans 
made  for  the  adaptation  and  translation  of  needed 
parts  of  the  Discipline  into  Chinese. 

Evangelistic  Work. 

Canton.  The  beginning  of  evangelistic  work  dates 
back  to  1891,  when  our  first  missionaries  preached 
from  their  own  door  to  the  assembled  crowds  on  the 
streets  of  Canton.  The  missionaries  were  then  living 
in  a  native  house  on  a  busy  street.  At  the  close  of 
each  day,  from  about  four  to  five  o'clock,  hundreds  of 
women  and  girls  passed  their  door  on  their  way  home 
from  the  shops  where  they  had  been  beating  raw  silk 
or  assorting  tea  leaves,  and  all  that  was  necessary  to 
obtain  an  audience  was  to  stand  in  the  door  and  talk. 

First  chapel  dedicated.  On  May  15,  1895,  our 
first  street  chapel  in  Canton  was  formally  dedicated. 
It  is  open  for  preaching,  reading  or  conversation  every 


78  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

day  except  Saturday,  while  Bible  study  and  preaching 
services  are  held  each  Sunday,  and  two  prayer-meet- 
ings during  the  week,  one  for  women  and  one  for  men. 

In  1901,  the  Tsz  Lai  chapel  was  transferred  by 
the  Swedish  missionaries  to  our  mission  to  be  used  as 
a  street  chapel.  These  chapels  are  always  located  on 
some  busy  street.  The  work  consists  of  daily  preach- 
ing by  the  missionary  or  the  native  pastor,  with  the 
exception  of  Saturday  and  Sunday.  The  audience  is 
constantly  changing.  Many  who  come  in  are  not  in- 
terested, but  there  are  those  who  come  quite  regularly 
and  often  stay  for  more  definite  instruction.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  supplementary  street  chapel  work,  there  is 
one  organized  church  in  Canton.  This  organization 
was  effected  December  22,  1907,  with  a  membership 
of  163.    They  have  long  outgrown  their  building. 

Sui  Lam.  With  Canton  as  a  center  our  mission- 
aries have  reached  out  to  other  cities.  One  of  the  chief 
of  these  is  Siu  Lam — a  city  of  400,000,  about  fifty  miles 
south  of  Canton. 

Early  in  the  year  1899  one  of  the  Chinese  pastors 
succeeded  in  renting  a  reading-room.  In  the  begin- 
ning there  was  a  great  deal  of  opposition,  and  in  April, 
1900,  when  Mr.  Ward  went  to  Siu  Lam  to  dedicate  the 
chapel  he  was  attacked  by  a  mob  and  driven  out.  Two 
or  three  months  later  the  Chinese  pastor  left  for  Hong 
Kong  for  safety  (it  was  the  Boxer  year)  and  Siu  Lam 
seemed  shut.  But  by  degrees  these  workers  got 
back  to  their  places  and  gradually  the  prejudice  of  the 
people  was  overcome.  In  the  spring  of  1907  the 
chapel  was  dedicated.     Not  fewer  than  500  gathered 


China  79 

in  and  about  the  chapel  for  the  service,  and  more  than 
a  hundred  were  turned  away  for  lack  of  room. 

In  1901  a  site  was  obtained  and  a  mission  home 
erected  on  a  quiet  residence  street  in  the  heart  of  the 
city.  A  day  school  for  girls  was  opened  in  1903.  A 
church  was  organized  December  25,  1907,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  fifty-one. 

The  work  extended.  From  Canton  and  Siu  Lam 
other  cities  and  towns  w^ere  visited  with  the  gospel 
and  churches  organized  as  follows :  San  Tong,  1897 ; 
Kwai  Chau,  1903;  Lak  Lau,  1904;  Hang  Tan,  1902; 
Sheung  Ti,  1902,  and  Tai  Lam.  All  these,  with  the 
exception  of  Sheung  Ti  have  populations  of  from  10,- 
000  to  400,000  people. 

During  the  year  1908  it  was  estimated  that  the 
gospel  was  proclaimed  to  50,000  souls  through  our 
mission  in  China. 

Evangelism  is  recognized  by  each  missionary  as 
the  chief  work  for  which  he  is  representing  our  Church 
in  the  foreign  field,  and  whether  by  educational  or 
medical  means  he  works  toward  one  goal — the  salva- 
tion of  the  people. 

Special  evangelistic  meetings.  A  number  of  spe- 
cial evangelistic  meetings  have  been  held  with  excel- 
lent results.  One  of  these  was  held  in  Canton  during 
the  visit  of  Bishop  A.  T.  Howard  in  1915,  when  there 
were  from  four  to  ten  decisions  a  day.  Rev.  F.  M. 
Davis  held  a  revival  in  Siu  Lam  in  1915  in  which  one 
hundred  and  fourteen  decisions  were  made  in  four 
days.    Some  of  them  were  teachers,  business  men  and 


80         The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

students.  Forty-four  of  these  were  baptized  and  taken 
into  the  church  in  one  day.  Rev.  E.  B.  Ward  who  was 
present  at  this  meeting  wrote  "It  was  a  day  long 
looked  for.  From  the  days  of  Dr.  Shumaker  on  down 
to  the  present,  many  of  us  have  hoped  to  see  what 
our  eyes  saw  in  Siu  Lam  on  June  20,  1915.  It  rained 
and  the  people  got  wet,  but  their  ardor  was  not 
dampened.  The  church  was  filled.  After  the 
sermon,  the  candidates  for  baptism  were  asked 
to  come  forward.  It  began  to  look  as  though 
the  front  of  the  church  would  have  to  be  enlarged  as 
they  kept  coming.  Two  deep  they  stood  on  the  men's 
side  and  then  the  line  extended  across  the  entire  place. 
I  recognized  many,  who  in  other  days  were  bitter  op- 
ponents, now  acknowledging  Christ  before  their 
neighbors  and  receiving  the  once  despised  but  now 
sacred  rite  of  baptism." 

The  most  gracious  revival  in  the  history  of  the 
church  at  Canton  took  place  in  1918  and  approximately 
one  hundred  men  and  women  were  led  to  make  the 
great  decision.  There  was  another  revival  in  Siu  Lam 
this  same  year  also,  and  two  hundred  men  and  women 
enlisted  for  Bible  study  and  preparation  for  baptism. 

Development  of  the  Native  Church. 
During  the  years  our  denomination  has  been  work- 
ing in  China  great  changes  have  taken  place,  vast  and 
far-reaching  in  their  influence.  China  has  awakened. 
The  establishment  of  the  republic,  the  recent  revolu- 
tions, the  breaking  away  from  the  old  in  many  re- 
spects, all  indicate  China's  growing  eagerness  for  the 
new ;  for  education,  for  a  new  civilization,  and  for  self- 
government.    Christian  missions  contributed  much  to- 


\  China  81 

ward  the  awakening  of  China  and  these  transition 
periods  offer  a  challenging  opportunity  to  give  China 
not  only  a  new  civilization  but  Christianity  as  well. 

Missionary  Society  organized.  Our  native  church 
has  developed  slowly  but  steadily.  By  the  time  of 
the  China  Annual  Conference  of  1912  the  church  was 
eager  for  self-support  and  self-government.  A  Home 
Mission  society  was  organized  which  had  thirty-six 
dollars  collected.  Some  churches,  that  of  Canton  and 
Siu  Lam  for  example,  are  now  entirely  self-supporting-. 
Following  the  revival  in  Siu  Lam  in  1918,  the  church 
members  there  not  only  provided  funds  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  native  pastor,  but  subscribed  $2500  in  gold 
for  a  new  church  building. 

The  success  of  our  mission  work  and  the  develop- 
ment of  our  churches  were  strengthened  by  the  visits 
at  various  times  of  Bishop  Mills,  Dr.  S.  S.  Hough,  and 
Bishop  A.  T.  Howard. 

On  the  part  of  the  native  church  a  long  step  for- 
ward was  taken  during  the  year  1919,  when  a  church 
federation  was  formed  embracing  three  denomina- 
tions, the  American  Board,  the  London  Mission,  the 
Scandinavian  Alliance  and  later  the  United  Brethren 
Mission.  The  final  goal  before  this  group  is  the 
development  of  a  ''Chinese  Christian  Church."  It  is 
among  the  churches  themselves  and  does  not  involve 
the  missions.  This  cooperation  helps  to  do  away  with 
some  of  the  confusion  in  the  Chinese  mind  due  to  the 
multiplicity  of  our  denominational  names  and  gives 
the  strength  and  effectiveness  of  cooperation  and  or- 
ganization to  the  Chinese  forces  in  their  efforts  to 
evangelize  their  own  people. 


82  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Educational  Work. 

Girls'  day  schools.  In  February,  1890,  about  three 
months  after  her  arrival  in  Canton,  Miss  Austia  Pat- 
terson opened  a  day  school  for  girls;  the  following 
June  a  second  school  was  started  and  in  March,  1895, 
a  third,  all  in  Canton. 

In  the  beginning,  the  Chinese  method  of  study, 
largely  that  of  memorizing,  was  followed  as  closely 
as  possible  so  as  not  to  arouse  opposition.  Within 
recent  years  a  course  of  study  has  been  introduced, 
which,  while  not  exactly  similar,  very  nearly  corres- 
ponds to  the  first  five  years'  work  in  the  American 
schools.  The  Bible  is  used  as  a  text-book  and  many 
of  the  pupils  have  committed  the  Gospels,  and  some 
can  repeat  nearly  the  whole  New  Testament. 

The  chief  end  of  the  day  schools  is  not  educational 
work  alone  but  also  evangelistic.  The  schools  are 
taught  by  native  Christian  women  and  are  under  the 
supervision  of  the  missionaries,  who  visit  them  once 
a  week  and  review  the  work.  After  the  review  there 
is  a  gospel  lesson,  then  perhaps  a  lesson  in  singing. 
The  mothers  and  neighbor  women  come  to  hear  the 
lesson,  the  music,  and  the  gospel  story  until  often 
there  is  not  standing  room.  Many  of  these  women 
would  not  go  to  the  services  at  the  chapel.  After  the 
work  at  the  school  is  finished,  the  missionary,  ac- 
companied by  the  teacher  or  Bible  woman,  is  often 
invited  into  the  homes  of  the  pupils  where  she  again 
has  the  opportunity  to  tell  the  new  old  story  to  the 
women  who  gather  about  her.  A  good  proportion  of 
our  conversions  in  Canton  can  be  traced  to  the  in- 
fluence of  these  schools.     A  definite  step  toward  self- 


China  83 

support  was  taken  when  the  mission  began  to  charge 
admission  to  the  day  schools.  This,  it  was  feared, 
would  lessen  the  number  of  pupils,  but  the  result  has 
been  quite  the  reverse,  and  increased  interest  and  ap- 
preciation are  manifested. 

Boys'  day  school.  The  day  schools  for  boys  are 
carried  on  along  the  same  lines  as  those  for  girls.  The 
schools  have  always  been  in  charge  of  native  workers, 
a  missionary  always  having  general  supervision.  The 
course  of  study  may  vary  somewhat  from  that  now 
adopted  by  the  girls'  day  school,  but  is  gradually  be- 
ing developed  so  that  pupils  may  be  prepared  for 
schools  of  a  higher  standard. 

During  the  year  1920  particular  stress  has  been 
placed  upon  the  development  of  grammar  school  work 
for  boys.  There  are  in  1921  two  of  these  boys'  gram- 
mar schools,  one  in  Canton  and  one  in  Siu  Lam.  The 
Canton  school  has  an  enrollment  of  one  hundred  twen- 
ty boys.  The  Siu  Lam  enrollment  is  ninety.  A  gift 
of  $8,000  has  been  given  by  a  friend  towards  a  boys' 
school  building  and  a  lot  has  been  purchased  in  Siu 
Lam  for  this  purpose.  It  is  hoped  to  soon  erect  good 
buildings  to  adequately  care  for  these  two  schools. 
There  are  sixteen  day  and  boarding  schools,  with  a 
total  enrollment  of  seven  hundred  forty. 

Union  educational  enterprise.  In  addition  to  our 
independent  day  and  boarding  school  work  our  de- 
nomination has  cooperated  in  several  union  educational 
enterprises.  One  of  these  is  a  Union  Normal  School 
for  young  women.  Another  is  the  Boys'  Middle  and 
High  School,  and  the  third,  the  Canton  Union  Theo- 


84  The  Women's  Missionary  Association  ■ 

logical  College.  In  this  last  project  eight  mission 
boards  are  cooperating.  The  United  Brethren  Board 
contributed  one-half  the  time  of  a  missionary  for 
teaching  and  gives  six  hundred  dollars  annually.  New 
grounds  have  been  purchased.  Some  buildings  have 
already  been  erected  and  others  are  hoped  for  at  an 
early  date.  The  school  ministers  to  twenty-seven  mil- 
lion people. 

Elizabeth  Kumier-Miller  Seminary.  It  was  dur- 
ing the  perilous  days  of  1900  that  the  erection  of  the 
Girls'  Boarding  School  in  Canton  was  completed.  This 
was  a  two-story  building  of  gray  brick  occupying  the 
southeast  corner  of  Beth  Eden  compound.  It  was  so 
built  as  to  enclose  a  small  court  on  three  sides  and, 
including  the  court,  covered  a  rectangular  area  50x60 
feet.  The  second  story  was  used  as  a  dormitory,  while 
on  the  ground  floor  were  recitation-rooms  and  a  din- 
ing-room. Sit  Meng  Cook,  a  wealthy  Chinese  mer- 
chant, gave  $500  toward  the  erection  of  the  school  as 
a  memorial  to  his  daughter. 

The  school  was  opened  March  12,  1901,  with  an 
enrollment  of  seven.  By  1909,  there  were  fifty  pupils, 
and  many  applicants  were  refused  admittance  because 
the  building  could  accommodate  no  more.  A  course 
of  study  covering  eight  years  had  been  adopted,  a  fair 
equivalent  to  the  first  eight  years  of  the  schools  of 
our  own  country.  Bible  study  is  a  regular  feature  of 
the  work.  In  addition  to  their  school  work  the  girls 
are  taught  practical  housekeeping,  vocal  and  instru- 
mental music,  and  have  had  some  lessons  in  sewing 
and  in  the  care  of  the  sick. 


Entrance  to  The  Goover  Dispensary,  Canton,  China. 


China  85 

Two  girls  completed  the  course  of  study  and  were 
graduated,  both  with  good  records  as  students,  in 
1908.  The  years  following  have  seen  other  classes 
graduated.  Three  of  the  graduates  are  now  employed 
as  teachers  in  our  schools. 

Christian  Endeavor  societies  were  organized  in 
1908  among  the  students,  and  early  in  1909  a  Y.  W.  C. 
A.,  the  first  in  South  China.  The  very  best  of  Chris- 
tian influences  are  thrown  about  the  pupils  and  many 
are  led  to  a  life  decision  for  the  Master. 

Because  of  Mrs.  L.  K.  Miller's  long  and  intimate 
connection  with  the  work  of  the  Association  as  its 
leader,  and  her  deep  interest  in  girls  and  young  women, 
the  Board  of  Managers  at  its  meeting  held  in  Akron, 
Ohio,  in  May,  1909,  voted  to  name  the  boarding-school, 
*The  Elizabeth  Kumler-Miller  Seminary  for  Girls." 

Location  changed  to  Siu  Lam.  The  school  soon 
outgrew  its  quarters  and  there  was  urgent  need  for  a 
new  building.  The  development  of  the  land  surround- 
ing the  seminary  into  a  busy  commercial  center  had 
caused  such  noise  and  smoke  that  it  became  neces- 
sary to  move  the  school  and  the  decision  was  made 
to  move  it  to  Siu  Lam.  A  building  was  found  that 
would  provide  quarters  temporarily  and  the  school  was 
moved  in  the  fall  of  1913.  Two  of  the  Chinese  teachers 
and  thirteen  of  the  girls  moved  from  Canton  with  the 
school.  The  work  was  favored  by  the  students  of  Siu 
Lam  and  by  March  of  the  following  year  the  enroll- 
ment had  increased  to  eighty.  A  kindergarten  was 
opened.  A  formal  opening  was  held  in  September  and 
more  than  five  hundred  Chinese  attended  the  exercises 
in  one  day. 


86  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

It  was  soon  realized  that  this  wonderful  field  of 
Siu  Lam  with  its  population  of  four  hundred  thousand 
was  eager  for  the  advantages  offered  by  Miller  Sem- 
inary and  larger  equipment  was  necessary.  Also  with 
the  higher  standards  adopted  by  the  government 
schools,  it  became  essential  for  a  mission  school  to 
offer  a  course  of  study  thorough  and  advanced  enough 
to  be  attractive. 

New  building  erected.  Plans  were  made  for  new 
buildings  and  operations  were  begun  in  1916.  The 
land  on  which  the  buildings  were  erected  had  been 
given  by  non-Christian  residents  of  Siu  Lam  for  a 
hospital,  but  this  site  was  turned  over  to  the  seminary. 
There  are  two  large  buildings,  a  two  story  administra- 
tion building  eighty  by  fifty  feet  and  a  three  story 
dormitory  one  hundred  twenty-eight  by  fifty  feet,  of 
concrete  with  tile  roofs.  One  hundred  girls  can  be 
accommodated.  The  new  quarters  were  occupied  late 
in  1917  and  have  meant  the  possibility  of  better  and 
more  extensive  service  to  the  girls  and  to  the  com- 
munity. Miller  Seminary  graduates  trained  in  body, 
mind  and  spirit,  have  gone  forth  to  occupy  positions  of 
importance  and  usefulness. 

Medical  Work. 

Dispensary  in  Canton.  A  dispensary  was  opened 
in  1893  and  carried  on  in  a  small  way  until  1895,  when 
a  room  13x8  feet,  back  of  the  chapel,  was  fitted  up  for 
the  free  dispensary.  It  had  one  small  window,  seven 
feet  from  the  floor  and  but  one  door.  In  this  small 
room  nearly  70,000  patients  were  treated  in  the  next 
five  years;  then  this  property  and  that  adjoining  were 


China  87 

purchased  and  remodeled  to  more  nearly  meet  the  need. 
Monday  and  Friday  of  each  week  are  dispensing  days. 
People  are  admitted  to  the  waiting-room  until  noon 
and  receive  numbered  tickets  which  give  them  admis- 
sion to  the  dispensing  room.  Very  often  the  number 
of  patients  is  so  great  that  the  work  of  the  doctors  is 
not  finished  until  late  in  the  afternoon.  While  the 
patients  are  being  treated  the  gospel  story  is  told  to 
the  crowds  in  the  waiting-room  by  a  Bible  woman  or 
the  Chinese  pastor. 

"Physician's  residence  built.  A  physician's  resi- 
dence on  Beth  Eden  compound  with  office,  drug-room, 
waiting-room  and  two  or  three  rooms  for  wards,  was 
finished  in  July,  1906,  at  a  cost  of  $3,300.  Although 
quite  a  large  number  of  patients  are  treated  here,  it  is 
well  understood  that  those  seen  here  must  pay  a  fee, 
so  the  number  is  somewhat  limited.  The  work  has 
grown  from  1,188  cases  treated  the  first  year  to  19,468 
in  1908. 

In  the  dispensary  small,  inadequate  and  poorly 
equipped,  twenty  thousand  or  more  patients  have  been 
treated  each  year.  In  1920  a  new  attractive  and  really 
adequate  dispensary  building  was  erected,  funds  hav- 
ing been  contributed  by  Mr.  and  i\Irs.  C.  M.  Coover, 
of  Annville,  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Bigler,  who  opened 
medical  work  in  Canton  in  1892,  is  still  in  charge  of 
the  dispensary. 

Dispensary  in  Siu  Lam.  A  dispensary  was  opened 
in  Siu  Lam  by  Dr.  Frank  Oldt  in  1911.  Citizens  of 
Siu  Lam  gave  land  for  the  erection  of  a  hospital.  This 
hospital,  dedicated  in  1919,  is  known  as  the  Ramsburg 
Memorial  Hospital.     The  funds  for  its  erection  were 


88  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

contributed  by  Mr.  James  and  Miss  Lucretia  Rams- 
burg  of  Dalta  Center,  Iowa.  The  cost  of  the  building 
was  fourteen  thousand  dollars. 

The  other  item  in  the  development  of  the  medi- 
cal side  of  our  program  is  the  action  of  our  Foreign 
Board  in  accepting  partial  responsibility  for  the  main- 
tenance and  staffing  of  the  Canton  Hospital.  This 
hospital,  established  in  1835,  has  had  a  history  rich  in 
both  scientific  and  spiritual  value.  It  seemed  likely 
following  the  war  that  its  doors  would  be  closed,  but 
a  new  cooperative  plan  among  several  missions  calls 
for  new  buildings  and  a  staff  of  twelve  foreign  doctors. 
Our  Church  was  asked  to  cooperate  and  in  view  of  the 
great  strategical  importance  of  the  position  of  this 
hospital  in  South  China,  and  because  of  its  history 
and  the  confidence  the  Chinese  have  in  it,  and  because 
it  meets  needs  far  beyond  the  ability  of  any  single 
church  hospital  to  meet,  the  Foreign  Board  voted  to 
cooperate. 

The  Foundling  Home. 

Impelled  by  the  great  opportunity  to  rescue  little 
baby  girls,  as  depicted  by  the  missionaries,  funds  were 
raised  for  the  establishment  of  a  foundling  home  in 
Canton,  China,  in  1907.  In  1911,  suitable  buildings 
were  erected  for  the  children  and  for  the  missionaries 
in  charge.  There  were  usually  about  thirty  children 
in  the  home  until  after  1912,  when  the  China  Mission 
Council  decided  no  more  should  be  received.  This 
decision  was  reluctantly  made,  but  the  effective,  ade- 
quate continuance  of  the  work  called  for  a  much  larger 
appropriation  of  funds  than  was  available.  By  1917 
the  number  had  been  reduced  to  nineteen  and  as  this 


China  89 

made  the  cost  per  capita  so  great,  the  home  was  dis- 
continued, each  of  the  children  being  placed  in  either 
Miller  Seminary,  a  Christian  home,  or  a  similar  insti- 
tution. The  building  was  remodeled  and  used  as  a 
missionary  residence. 

Summary.  To  carry  on  the  work  in  China  we  had 
in  the  spring  of  1909,  twelve  American  missionaries, 
ten  Chinese  pastors,  and  thirteen  Bible  women.  At 
the  conference  that  year  there  were  reported  five  or- 
ganized churches,  eight  regular  preaching  places,  427 
communicant  members,  854  adherents,  two  Sunday 
schools  wath  an  enrollment  of  375,  six  day  schools  and 
two  boarding  schools  with  a  combined  enrollment  of 
330,  three  Junior  and  Senior  Christian  Endeavor  so- 
cieties, one  dispensary  in  which  19,468  cases  were 
treated  during  1908.  The  total  value  of  property  was 
$55,300.00. 

In  1920  the  enlarged  v.'ork  in  China  showed  an 
enrollment  of  21  American  missionaries,  37  industrial 
workers,  11  organized  churches,  with  5  additional 
preaching  places,  934  communicant  members,  13  Sun- 
day schools  wqth  62  teachers  and  officers,  and  688 
pupils ;  3  Christian  Endeavor  Societies,  with  271  mem- 
bers ;  16  day  and  boarding  schools  with  585  pupils ;  in- 
terest and  participation  in  3  union  schools;  2  dispen- 
saries and  hospitals,  w^ith  20,889  cases  treated. 


PHILIPPINE   ISLANDS 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  held  in 
May,  1900,  in  First  Church,  Dayton,  Ohio,  it  seemed 
fitting,  as  a  memorial  of  our  Silver  Anniversary,  to 
open  work  in  a  new  field,  and  the  Board  adopted  a 
recommendation  to  establish  a  new  mission  either  in 
Porto  Rico,  the  Philippine  Islands,  or  Japan,  leaving 
the  matter  to  the  Trustees  for  careful  investigation 
and  final  decision.  Much  time  was  given  to  consider- 
ation and  prayer,  and  the  decision  reached  November 
19  was  unanimous  in  favor  of  the  Philippines. 

First  missionaries.  A  call  was  made  for  workers 
with  immediate  response.  Rev.  Edwin  S.  Eby,  Elk- 
hart, Indiana,  and  Rev.  Sanford  B.  Kurtz,  Hygiene, 
Colorado,  were  appointed.  They  sailed  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, February  19,  1901. 

Shortly  after  their  arrival  on  the  field,  a  confer- 
ence of  representatives  of  all  the  evangelical  denomi- 
nations working  in  the  Philippines  was  held  in  Manila 
for  the  purpose  of  reaching  some  understanding  as  to 
territory,  and  to  agree  upon  some  general  policy  of 
work.  An  organization  was  effected  to  be  known  as 
the  Evangelical  Union  of  the  Philippines.  They  agreed 
upon  a  tentative  division  of  the  islands,  making  each 
mission  responsible  for  the  evangelization 'of  the  peo- 
ple within  its  territory.  To  our  Church  were  given 
three  provinces  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  island 
of  Luzon — Ilocos  North,  Ilocos  South  and  La  Union, 
having  a  population  of  450,000  all  speaking  the  Ilocano 
language.  Later  Ilocos  North  was  assigned  to  the 
Methodist  mission. 


Philippine  Islands  91 

Temporary  headquarters  in  Vigan.  Early  in  May, 
1901,  our  missionaries  took  up  temporary  headquar- 
ters in  Vigan,  Ilocos  South,  about  two  hundred  miles 
north  of  Manila.  A  house  was  rented  and  they  began 
the  study  of  Spanish.  Tracts  and  portions  of  the 
Scriptures  were  distributed  among  the  people ;  trips 
were  made  into  different  parts  of  our  territory  in  com- 
pany with  the  representative  of  the  American  Bible 
Society;  gospel  meetings  were  conducted  for  the  sol- 
diers stationed  at  Vigan.  Everywhere  the  opposition 
of  Catholicism  was  met. 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  L.  O.  Burtner  joined  them  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year.  Progress  in  determining  a  per- 
manent location  and  in  establishing  the  work  was  slow 
and  within  three  years  these  Avorkers  had  resigned. 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  H.  W.  Widdoes  were  appointed  to 
the  Philippines  at  the  Board  meeting  of  1903.  They 
sailed  from  San  Francisco,  September  19,  1903.  Some 
time  was  spent  in  language  study  and  in  looking  over 
the  ground  in  ]\Ianila. 

Relocating  headquarters.  Mr.  Widdoes,  prepara- 
tory to  moving  into  the  province,  decided  to  first  se- 
cure a  good  location.  He  went  by  rail  to  Dagupan, 
and  w^hile  waiting  there  for  a  steamer  to  take  him  to 
San  Fernando,  w^ent  with  a  colporteur  to  a  neighbor- 
ing fishing  village,  where  he  found  a  ready  reception, 
and  the  people  glad  to  buy  portions  of  the  Scripture. 
In  the  village  Mr.  Widdoes  found  a  boy  of  fifteen  who 
could  read.  He  gave  him  the  Gospel  by  John  in  his 
own  dialect,  and  turning  to  John  3:16,  asked  him  to 
read  it.  He  did  so  and  immediately  ran  into  the  house 
to  get  money  to  buy  the  book. 


92  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

There  is  an  interesting  history  connected  with  the 
early  translation  of  these  Gospels  which  the  mission- 
aries were  distributing.  During  Spanish  times,  a  friar 
stationed  in  this  province  in  some  way  came  into  pos- 
session of  a  Bible  which  he  studied,  and  was  converted. 
He  then  secretly  began  to  translate  the  Gospels  into 
the  native  dialect.  He  was  discovered  before  he  had 
finished  the  work  and  had  to  leave  the  Islands ;  he  went 
to  Spain  and  completed  the  translation  of  the  Gospels 
and  the  Acts.  He  then  returned  to  the  province  and 
began  the  distribution  of  these,  but  was  poisoned  soon 
after  by  the  other  friars,  and  the  good  work  stopped. 
As  soon  as  the  American  occupation  made  it  possible 
for  the  Bible  Societies  to  work  here,  they  began  dis- 
tributing these  Gospels  which  had  cost  the  translator 
his  life. 

After  waiting  several  days  and  no  boat  appearing, 
Mr.  Widdoes,  through  the  efforts  of  a  native  Christian, 
finally  hired  an  ox-cart,  and  started  overland  for  San 
Fernando,  making  the  journey  of  fifty  miles  in  twenty- 
three  hours.  This  gave  him  an  opportunity  to  see  the 
country  in  which  we  were  to  work. 

San  Fernando,  the  capital  of  Union  Province  and 
an  important  center,  was  decided  upon  as  a  strategic 
point  for  headquarters.  A  house  was  rented  and  Mr. 
Widdoes  moved  his  family  there  February  11,  1904, 
and  at  once  began  a  vigorous  campaign.  They  were 
fairly  besieged  with  visitors,  most  of  them  young 
men,  asking  questions  about  the  Bible.  Men  came  in 
from  the  neighboring  towns  to  secure  tracts  and  to 
buy  Bibles.  A  Bible  class  and  a  Sunday  school  were 
formed,  the  high-school  pupils,  with  their  knowledge 
of  English,  giving  much  assistance. 


Philippine  Islands  93 

Discontinuance  of  work  considered.  It  was  urged 
by  some  of  our  workers  at  home  that  the  Association 
discontinue  the  work  in  the  Philippines  a'nd  concen- 
trate on  Africa  and  China.  This  question  had  a  full 
discussion  at  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
held  in  Altoona,  Pennsylvania,  in  May,  1904.  The  de- 
cision of  the  matter  was  finally  left  to  the  Trustees  in 
consultation  with  the  Bishops.  The  advice  of  the  lat- 
ter was  secured  at  once  and  heeded.  The  Trustees 
gave  much  time  and  thought  to  the  consideration  of 
the  question.  July  1  was  set  apart  for  prayer  and  on 
that  day  a  special  meeting  was  held  with  Mrs.  Rike 
and  Mrs.  Marot  present  as  advisory.  The  matter  was 
finally  decided  July  8,  the  vote  being  nearly  unanimous 
in  favor  of  continuing  the  v>'ork. 

As  the  force  of  missionaries  increased  the  province 
was  districted — each  missionary  with  his  wife  was 
given  the  supervision  of  a  number  of  tovv'ns  and  out- 
lying barrios.  During  several  months  of  the  year  they 
gave  special  training  to  the  Filipino  workers  in  their 
districts. 

Territory  increased.  Several  trips  were  made  to 
the  Igorotes  province  and  other  parts  of  unoccupied 
territory.  In  1907  the  territory  was  increased  by  the 
addition  of  the  sub-province  of  Amburayan  which  lies 
to  the  east  and  north  of  Union  Province.  Our  mis- 
sion had  been  working  in  the  southern  part  of  this 
province.  That  the  United  Brethren  might  have  full 
control  of  Amburayan,  the  Methodists,  who  had  been 
working  at  Tagudin,  the  capital  of  the  province,  turned 
over  their  work  and  a  congregation  of  thirty  members. 
This  added  a  population  of  25,000  to  our  mission,  about 


94  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

10,000  of  whom  are  Ilocanos ;  the  remainder  are  Igo- 
rotes,  a  few  of  whom  have  been  received  into  the 
Catholic  church ;  the  others  vary  from  those  who  have 
been  affected  by  the  higher  civilization  of  the  Ilo- 
canos, to  the  rude  tribes  of  the  interior  mountains. 
Four  new  congregations  were  organized  among  these 
Igorotes  during  1908.  In  Benguet  province  there  are 
about  10,000  more  Igorotes  whose  condition  is  about 
the  same  as  the  people  of  Amburayan,  and  who  are 
best  reached  from  Union  Province.  We  are  respon- 
sible therefore  for  about  175,000  people,  since  this  ter- 
ritory has  been  turned  over  to  us,  no  other  denomina- 
tion having  work  in  these  provinces. 

Later  the  addition  of  the  Ifugao  country  and  the 
wild  tribe  of  the  Kalingas  added  200,000  pagan  people 
looking  to  us  for  the  gospel.  A  missionary  has  been 
sent  by  the  Filipinos  to  the  Kalingas  and  a  successful 
opening  has  been  made.  It  is  expected  the  mission 
will  soon  open  a  station  in  Ifugao. 

Conference  organized.  During  the  visit  of  Bishop 
Mills  the  Philippine  Conference  was  organized  Febru- 
ary 14,  1908,  with  nine  members,  the  four  missionaries, 
and  five  native  pastors. 

The  Filipino  churches  rapidly  assumed  their  cur- 
rent expenses  and  contributed  more  or  less  generously 
toward  the  erection  of  their  own  chapels,  but  in  order 
to  promote  a  spirit  of  helpfulness  to  others,  a  Church 
Erection  Society  was  organized  at  the  annual  confer- 
ence in  1909.  This  society  has  continued  active  and 
has  helped  many  congregations  to  build  chapels  and 
church  buildings.  Its  scope  has  been  widened,  how- 
ever, and  the  funds  are  used  not  only  in  loans  for  new 


Philippine  Islands  95 

churches,  but  also  to  help  support  the  pastors  on  the 
weaker  charges  and  pay  the  traveling  expenses  of  the 
Filipino  Supervisor.  This  office  was  created  in  1919 
in  harmony  with  the  policy  to  have  the  work  carried 
on  by  the  Filipinos  themselves  as  soon  as  expedient. 
The  supervisor  is  elected  annually  by  the  conference. 

First  Sunday  school  organized.  The  first  success- 
ful Sunday  school  was  organized  at  San  Juan  in  1906, 
under  the  personal  direction  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mumma. 
Near  the  close  of  1907  more  extensive  plans  were 
made  and  Sunday-school  literature  was  prepared.  The 
work  developed  rapidly  and  has  had  almost  continuous 
growth.  The  first  National  Sunday  School  Conven- 
tion of  the  Philippine  Islands  was  held  in  Manila,  Feb- 
ruary 24-26,  1911,  Here  the  Sunday  School  Associa- 
tion of  the  Philippine  Islands  was  organized.  Each 
year  special  Sunday  school  convention  and  institutes 
are  held.  Rev.  J.  L.  McLaughlin,  Secretary  of  the 
Philippine  Sunday  School  Association,  stated  in  1915 
that  our  territory  was  more  thoroughly  developed 
along  Sunday-school  lines  than  any  other  in  the  Is- 
lands. We  have  a  larger  percentage  of  our  members 
in  the  Sunday  school  and  have  more  Sunday-school 
organizations  than  churches.  Junior  and  Senior  Chris- 
tian Endeavor  societies  are  also  a  part  of  the  organ- 
ized work.  The  work  of  the  graduates  of  the  Young 
Women's  Bible  Training  School  is  especially  valuable 
in  these  departments. 

The  first  Bible  Institute  was  held  in  May,  1905, 
when  seventeen  young  men,  most  of  whom  understood 
English  fairly  well,  gathered  in  San  Fernando  for  k 
month's  instruction  in  the  Bible,  Church  History,  and 


96  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Doctrine.     This    Bible   institute   has   become   a   per- 
manent feature  of  the  work. 

From  the  beginning  the  missionaries  have  tried 
to  emphasize  the  individual  responsibility  of  converts 
to  extend  the  Kingdom.  As  a  result  of  the  emphasis 
laid  upon  this  phase  of  Christian  living,  there  are  now 
a  number  of  volunteer  workers  who  conduct,  regularly, 
services  in  their  own  homes  or  in  the  usual  meeting 
places,  without  receiving  any  remuneration.  These 
workers  are  encouraged  by  being  permitted  to  sell 
the  Scriptures  and  tracts  on  the  percentage  plan,  and 
when  they  attend  the  Bible  Institute,  a  small  allow- 
ance is  given  them  to  aid  in  the  purchase  of  food. 
This  volunteer  phase  has  been  one  of  the  secrets  of 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  work  in  this  mission. 

Remarkable  growth.  April  3,  1914,  was  tlie 
tenth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  first 
United  Brethren  Church  in  the  Philippines.  The  fol- 
lowing summary  of  progress  was  given.  "The  ten  years 
have  witnessed  many  changes.  Progress  in  the  Is- 
lands has  moved  with  giant  strides.  The  Philippines 
are  included  in  the  mighty  national  race  movement 
now  on  in  the  Orient.  When  our  first  missionaries 
landed  in  San  Fernando  in  1904,  they  had  no  friends 
to  greet  or  welcome  them.  The  people  were  antago- 
nistic in  their  general  attitude.  There  were  no  good 
roads,  few  conveniences  for  travel ;  no  trains,  no  auto- 
mobile in  all  the  province.  When  the  tenth  anniver- 
sary was  celebrated  our  missionaries  have  daily  mail 
in  San  Fernando ;  regular  auto  lines  carry  passengers 
cheaply  and  with  expedition.  Then  there  was  no 
evangelical  Christian,  no  Sunday  school,  few  Bibles; 


or  THE 

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98  The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

in  1914  there  were  two  thousand,  two  hundred  forty 
members  in  thirty-five  churches;  two  thousand  mem- 
bers in  thirty-eight  Sunday  schools ;  fifteen  employed 
preachers  and  five  graduate  deaconesses  and  a  force 
of  seventy  lay  and  volunteer  preachers  making  known 
the  good  news." 

A  special  evangelistic  campaign  was  conducted 
during  the  anniversary  year  and  four  hundred  fifty- 
eight  adult  baptisms  resulted. 

The  Mission  Siations. 

Our  missionaries  in  the  Philippine  Islands  are  lo- 
cated at  two  mission  stations,  San  Fernando  and 
Manila.  From  here  and  from  the  thirty-three  organ- 
ized churches,  the  influence  of  the  gospel  radiates  in 
all  directions. 

San  Fernando. 

San  Fernando  is  the  capital  of  Union  Province, 
and  is  the  headquarters  of  our  mission.  Here  are  the 
high  and  trade  schools  and  pupils  come  from  all 
parts  of  the  prov^ince. 

Besides  the  supervision  of  the  entire  field,  several 
distinct  phases  of  work  are  carried  on  in  San  Fernando, 
such  as  the  Evangel  Press,  the  Young  Women's  Bible 
Training  School  and  medical  work. 

On  account  of  high  rents  and  unsatisfactory 
houses  a  mission  residence  was  built  in  1904.  Decem- 
ber 24,  1904,  a  church  was  organized  with  five  mem- 
bers. The  lower  story  of  the  mission  house  was  dedi- 
cated December  25  as  a  chapel  for  the  use  of  the  con- 
gregation. 


Philippine  Islands  99 

San  Fernando  is  a  difficult  place  in  which  to  work, 
and  progress  has  been  slow.  Many  of  the  congrega- 
tion are  students  from  other  parts  of  the  province,  but 
some  of  the  best  people  of  the  town  are  members  of 
the  church. 

Church  erected.  That  confidence  might  be  in- 
spired and  strength  and  stability  given  to  the  work, 
about  $5,000  was  raised  for  the  building  of  a  substan- 
tial church.  It  is  on  the  main  highway  that  leads  from 
Manila  to  the  north  end  of  the  island.  It  is  one  block 
from  the  public  plaza  and  100  feet  from  the  mission 
residence.  The  cornerstone  w^as  laid  May  3,  1910,  and 
the  new  building  dedicated  December  11,  1910.  It  has 
a  seating  capacity  of  350. 

The  Evangel  Press.  One  of  the  most  effective 
means  of  reaching  the  people  and  of  developing  and 
strengthening  the  work  is  through  the  printed  page. 

When  the  missionaries  first  arrived  on  the  field 
they  found  that  the  Bible  Societies  had  the  New  Testa- 
ment published  in  the  Ilocano.  For  several  years  the 
missionaries  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal,  Christian, 
and  United  Brethren  Missions  working  among  the 
Ilocano  people  were  busy  directing  the  translation 
of  the  Old  Testament.  This  work  was  done  under  the 
supervision  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  whose 
agent  chose  Mr.  Mumma  to  read  and  correct  the  manu- 
script and  supervise  the  printing  in  Japan.  In  August, 
1909,  the  completed  Old  Testament  in  Ilocano  was  first 
offered  for  sale.  The  people,  as  a  rule,  receive  the 
Scriptures  with  great  joy,  and  for  several  years  pre- 
vious to  the  appearance  of  the  Old  Testament,  had 
made  frequent  inquiries  concerning  it.     It  is  not  un- 


100        The  WoxMen's  Missionary  Association 

usual  to  hear  testimonies  like  the  following :  **It  is  not 
the  work  of  the  Americano  that  has  made  me  accept 
the  new  religion,  but  the  reading  of  the  Book!"  *'I 
am  not  following  the  religion  of  the  Americano,  but 
the  teachings  of  Jesus  Christ  as  written  in  the  "Sacred 
Word."  Both  the  Old  and  New  Testament  are  sold 
at  a  nominal  price. 

The  Filipinos  are  fond  of  music  and  enjoy  singing 
gospel  songs.  From  time  to  time  English  hymns  have 
been  translated  by  missionaries  and  Filipino  workers 
into  the  Ilocano.  In  February,  1908,  a  word  edition  of 
an  Ilocano  Hymnal  with  181  hymns  was  published 
jointly  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal,  Christian,  and 
United  Brethren  Missions  and  is  one  hymnal  now  in 
use  all  over  the  Ilocano  territory.  An  edition  with  the 
music  was  later  printed  in  Tokyo,  Japan. 

Weekly  paper  published.  In  September,  1905, 
our  mission  began  the  publication  of  the  ''Dagiti  Naim- 
bag  a  Damag"  (Good  News),  probably  the  first  week- 
ly paper  in  Ilocano.  Many  of  the  people  could  read 
but  they  had  practically  no  literature  and  no  newspa- 
pers or  books.  It  began  as  a  four  page  weekly.  It 
furnishes  such  world  news  as  v/ill  interest  the  average 
reader  among  the  people,  editorial  items  relating  to 
the  progress  of  the  work  in  the  field,  serial  articles 
upon  such  subjects  as  the  reformation,  important  doc- 
trines, etc.  An  instructive  and  practical  exposition  of 
the  Sunday-school  lesson  is  given,  which  is  used  with 
good  effect  by  Sunday  schools  of  other  missions.  A 
part  of  the  paper  is  given  each  week  to  lessons  for  the 
Junior  societies.  These  several  departments  of  the 
paper  have  their  permanent  place  upon  the  pages,  with 


Philippine  Islands  ,    101 

nicely  designed  headings,  and  the  people  look  with 
eagerness  for  what  is  of  special  help  and  interest  to 
them.  The  subscription  price  was  twenty-five  cents 
per  year,  but  has  now  been  raised  to  seventy-five  cents. 
While  the  amount  received  has  not  been  sufficient  to 
pay  the  cost  of  printing,  it  has  been  a  paying  invest- 
ment, as  the  testimonies  of  the  many  who  have  been 
reached  by  it,  are  proof.  In  less  than  five  years  the 
subscription  list  was  over  1,000,  and  it  was  sent  into 
fourteen  different  provinces.  It  not  only  goes  into 
the  homes  of  the  subscribers  but  is  often  read  by  sev- 
eral families  jointly,  those  not  knowing  how  to  read, 
gathering  about  one  who  reads  aloud  to  them.  Bishop 
Oldham  of  the  Methodist  Church  said  of  it  (1912) 
that  it  was  the  greatest  single  Evangelical  factor  in 
the  Orient. 

The  Methodist  Ilocano  paper,  known  as  '*Abo- 
gado  Christiano"  (Christian  Advocate)  was  united 
with  ours  some  years  ago.  It  is  now  a  joint  publica- 
tion with  the  ]\Iethodists,  printed  by  us  and  known  as 
"Dagiti  Naimbag  a  Damag  ken  Abogado  Christiano." 
The  Methodists  edit  and  are  responsible  for  two  pages 
each  week.  It  has  also  been  the  policy  of  the  mission 
to  print  thousands  of  copies  of  special  articles  in  tract 
form  for  free  distribution. 

A  printing-press  with  outfit  was  sent  to  the  field 
in  the  fall  of  1908.  It  arrived  in  San  Fernando  in  Feb- 
rurary,  1909,  and  has  been  put  into  operation  on  the 
lower  floor  of  the  mission  house,  and  has  more  than 
fulfilled  the  expectations  of  the  missionaries  in  the  in- 
creased efficiency  of  this  very  important  part  of  mis- 
sion work,  and  also  in  the  greatly  reduced  expense. 
Previous  to  this  time  the  paper  had  been  published 


102        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

by  the  Methodist  Publishing  House  in  Manila.  The 
first  work  of  the  press  was  the  following  message  to 
the  Trustees : 

"To  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  W.  M.  A.,  Dayton, 
Ohio: 

"Your  missionaries  in  the  Philippines  think  fitting 
that  the  first  imprint  upon  the  new  mission-press 
should  be  a  message  of  greeting  to  you.  Accordingly 
we  hereby  extend  to  you  and  all  the  donors  to  the 
press  our  greetings  and  sincere  thanks  for  the  hand- 
some equipment  that  is  now  ours  to  help  propagate 
the  gospel  in  these  islands.  We  are  more  than  satis- 
fied with  what  you  have  sent  us,  and  we  hereby  dedi- 
cate it  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  enlightenment  of 
these  people,  praying  Him  that  the  leaves  that  go 
forth  from  its  forms  may  indeed  be  leaves  of  healing 
to  the  sin-sick  and  wretched  people  among  whom  we 
labor.  We  believe  that  this  is  a  step  in  advance,  and 
the  expense  involved  is  more  than  justified  by  the 
greatly  increased  efficiency  that  will  result  to  our 
work. 

"We  are  sincerely  yours  for  service, 

Sanford    B.    Kurtz, 
Marion  W.  Mumma, 
Ernest  J.  Pace. 

"San  Fernando,  La  Union,  P.  I., 
March  20,  1909." 

In  addition  to  the  "Naimbag  a  Damag,"  leaf- 
lets and  tracts  have  been  published.  Wide  circulation 
was  found  for  an  edition  of  "Pilgrim's  Progress."     A 


Philippine  Islands  103 

second  edition  of  an  Ilocano  English  dictionary  is  al- 
most ready  for  distribution.  The  new  printing  plant, 
during  the  first  four  months  of  its  operation  turned  out 
nearly  200,000  pages  of  printed  matter.  The  growth  of 
this  department  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  in  1920,  three 
million  pages  of  printed  matter  were  prepared  and  dis- 
tributed. The  first  building  and  equipment  were  soon 
outgrown  and  a  new  building  and  press  were  pur- 
chased. In  the  new  quarters  a  reading  room  was  es- 
tablished for  the  convenience  of  students  and  others 
who  might  care  to  use  it.  This  was  called  the  Arford 
Reading  Room,  and  had  been  made  possible  through 
the  gift  of  one  thousand  dollars  from  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Arford,  relatives  of  one  of  the  missionaries,  Mrs.  M. 
W.  Mumma. 

The  Young  Women's  Bible  Training  School.   One 

of  the  most  important  phases  of  our  w^ork  in  San  Fer- 
nando is  that  carried  out  through  the  Young  Women's 
Bible  Training  School.  The  purpose  of  the  school  is  to 
train  young  women  for  the  work  of  deaconesses.  The 
school  was  opened  and  built  up  under  the  charge  of 
Miss  Matilda  Weber  who  went  to  this  field  May  24, 
1910.  The  first  class  was  organized  this  same  year,  in 
a  bamboo  building  vv'ith  grass  roof.  In  spite  of  un- 
desirable neighbors  the  school  grew  steadily.  On  the 
north  was  the  provincial  jail  in  which  the  insane  peo- 
ple of  the  province  as  well  as  the  criminals  were  kept. 
On  the  opposite  side  was  a  long  row  of  stables  in 
which  from  fifty  to  sixty  horses  were  housed.  It  was 
soon  realized  that  better  and  bigger  accommodations 
must  be  secured.  The  fund  was  largely  contributed 
through  the  Love-Offerings  of  1916  and  1917,  and  the 


104        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Woman's  Day  Offering  of  1917.  The  new  building 
was  completed  in  1920  and  was  dedicated  August  26. 
It  is  of  re-enforced  concrete  with  tile  roof,  beautiful 
in  its  simplicity,  and  stands  on  a  hill  overlooking  the 
town  and  sea. 

It  is  a  two-story  building  with  verandas  on  the 
four  sides,  two  of  which  are  used  as  sleeping  porches, 
the  other  two  for  reading  and  study  purposes.  There 
are  four  large  dormitory  rooms  upstairs  and  three 
bedrooms  for  the  missionaries  in  charge.  On  the  lower 
floor  are  the  kitchens  and  dining  rooms  for  the  stu- 
dents in  the  west  wing  and  for  the  missionaries  in  the 
east  wing.  The  main  floor  is  divided  by  the  folding 
doors  into  four  class  rooms  which  can  be  thrown  into 
one  large  auditorium.  There  are  a  large  cement  water 
tank  and  an  electric  light  plant  which  will  supply  as 
well  the  church  and  the  old  dormitory  now  used  as  a 
dispensary. 

Of  more  interest  than  the  building,  are  the  girls 
prepared  there  for  lives  of  service.  They  are  lifted 
above  the  narrow  environment  of  ignorance  and  with 
broadened  horizons  and  consecrated  hearts  and  minds 
they  devote  themselves  to  the  task  of  spreading  the 
gospel  and  the  church,  of  combating  sin,  sickness  and 
superstition.  Recently  the  course  has  been  standard- 
ized so  that  it  is  an  accredited  school.  Sixty  girls  can 
be  accommodated  in  the  new  dormitories.  In  the 
year  1920  twenty-two  were  enrolled  in  the  course. 
There  have  been,  since  the  beginning  in  1910,  twenty- 
two  graduates,  most  of  whom  are  in  active  service. 
The  deaconesses  are  in  great  demand  and  are  proving 
a  vital  factor  in  the  extension  of  the  Kingdom  in  the 
Philippines. 


Philippine  Islands  105 

In  addition  to  the  girls  in  training  in  the  Young 
Women's  Bible  Training  School,  about  thirty  girls 
are  given  dormitory  privileges  in  the  building.  These 
girls  are  some  of  the  thousands  who  have  poured  into 
the  cities  that  they  may  take  advantage  of  the  oppor- 
tunities offered  by  the  government  for  education. 
With  quarters  in  the  Training  School,  there  is  the  op- 
portunity for  Christian  contact  and  influence. 

A  dormitory  for  boys  w^as  also  opened  in  San 
Fernando  in  1910. 

Medical  work.  At  San  Fernando  medical  work 
has  been  established.  From  the  beginning  the  mis- 
sionaries have  been  called  upon  for  aid  in  almost  all 
kinds  of  illness  and  trouble  from  extracting  aching 
teeth  to  the  more  serious  maladies.  The  need  of  a 
doctor  and  a  hospital  has  been  keenly  felt,  and  has 
been  partly  met  by  the  going  out  of  Miss  Clara  Mann, 
a  trained  nurse,  in  1920.  In  1921  the  United  Brethren 
Mission  Hospital  was  opened  in  the  remodeled  build- 
ing formerly  used  as  the  Young  Women's  Bible  Train- 
ing School.  A  doctor  and  more  adequate  hospital  fa- 
cilities are  urgently  needed. 

Manila. 

In  the  division  of  territory  among  the  various  de- 
nominations by  the  Evangelical  Union,  Manila  was  left 
open  so  that  each  mission  might  be  actively  engaged 
there.  In  response  to  a  specific  need,  our  mission  ex- 
tended its  work  to  this  city. 

In  the  development  of  the  native  church  in  the 
Philippine  Islands,  just  as  is  true  in  any  of  the  mission 
fields,  or  at  home,  the  need  of  trained  teachers,  leaders 


106        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

and  pastors  has  been  keenly  felt.  The  need  of  teach- 
ers and  leaders  has  been  partly  met  by  the  institutes 
for  workers  and  the  deaconesses.  To  meet  the  need 
for  trained  pastors,  the  United  Brethren  mission  has. 
for  a  number  of  years,  cooperated  with  other  denom- 
inations— the  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  and  Christian, 
in  the  building  up  and  support  of  a  Union  Theological 
Seminary.  To  realize  the  necessity  and  value  of  this 
work  it  must  be  remembered  that  through  the  in- 
creased advantages  for  education  offered  by  the  gov- 
ernment, illiteracy  is  decreasing  so  that  more  highly 
trained  and  better  educated  workers  are  needed  to 
meet  the  problems  that  arise. 

Union  Theological  Seminary.  The  Union  Sem- 
inary was  opened  in  Manila  and  has  been  highly  suc- 
cessful. Many  of  our  native  pastors  were  permitted 
to  leave  their  charges  in  order  to  receive  the  training 
offered.  The  quarters  of  the  seminary  have  been  out- 
grown and  a  splendid  seventy-five  acre  site  has  been 
purchased  and  buildings  planned  so  that  this  important 
center  for  evangelical  work  in  the  Philippines  may  be 
adequate.  A  preparatory  course  has  been  added, 
equivalent  to  that  of  a  high  school.  The  first  two 
years  of  college  work  are  also  given,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  soon  the  complete  college  training  can  be  offered. 
This  would  then  become  the  Union  Christian  College 
of  the  Philippines  with  a  wonderful  field  for  useful- 
ness and  service.  Our  denomination  has  contributed 
five  thousand  dollars  towards  this  work. 

Church  and  dormitory  in  Manila.  As  one  result 
of  cooperation  in  the  Union  Theological  Seminary 
there   has   grown   up   an   important   work   in    Manila. 


Philippine  Islands  107 

One  of  the  missionaries  in  Manila,  serving  on  the 
faculty  of  the  seminary,  and  the  Filipino  pastors  who 
had  gone  there  for  training  began  evangelistic  and 
Bible  class  work,  and  a  church  was  organized  in  1912. 
A  dormitory  for  young  men  was  opened  the  same  year. 
Manila  is  one  of  the  cities  into  which  the  young  peo- 
ple have  poured  to  receive  an  education  and  dormi- 
tory accommodations  are  lacking.  Since  the  opening 
of  the  building  it  has  been  filled  and  there  is  usually  a 
long  waiting  list.  The  young  men  are  required  to  at- 
tend a  devotional  service  in  the  morning  and  great 
interest  is  manifested.  Since  our  denomination  is  re- 
sponsible for  work  among  the  Ilocanos  and  there  are 
now  thirty-one  thousand  Ilocanos  in  the  city  our 
field  of  work  is  a  large  one.  In  1921  the  Sunday 
school  and  church  services  are  carried  on  in  a  down- 
stairs room  of  the  dormitory.  A  site  for  a  new  plant 
has  been  purchased  and  it  is  hoped  soon  to  have  a 
complete  center  including  chapel,  kindergarten,  par- 
sonage, dormitories  and  playground. 

Other  Stations. 

The  first  United  Brethren  Church  organized  in 
the  Philippine  Islands  was  located  at  Cava.  This 
is  a  town  of  4000  population,  about  thirteen  miles  south 
of  San  Fernando.  This  church  was  organized  on 
Easter  Sunday,  1904.  From  this  little  congregation 
have  gone  out  five  young  men  as  ministers  of  the 
gospel. 

From  this  and  other  centers  the  evangelistic  work 
has  been  carried  on  and  organizations  effected  until 
in  1920  there  were  reported  thirty-three  church  organ- 
izations.    To  the  south  of  San  Fernando,  in  addition 


108        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

to   Cava,   churches   are   found   at   Naguilian,   Baguio, 
Baoang,  Aringuay,  Agoo,  Tubao,  and  Rosario. 

Baguio  is  about  twenty  miles  back  in  the  moun- 
tains from  San  Fernando  and  is  the  capital  of  Benguet 
Province  and  the  summer  capital  for  the  Islands.  Dur- 
ing the  hottest  season  of  the  year,  the  higher  govern- 
ment officials  remove  to  this  place  to  conduct  their 
business.  From  time  to  time  since  the  beginning  of 
our  work  in  the  Islands,  our  missionaries  have  gone  to 
Baguio,  which  is  5,000  feet  above  the  sea  level,  for 
rest  and  have  found  the  cool,  pine  scented  air  very 
refreshing.  In  1912  a  rest  cottage  was  built  which  has 
proved  a  great  blessing  to  the  missionaries.  A  chapel 
was  erected  in  1918. 

To  the  north  of  San  Fernando  there  are  church 
organizations  in  San  Juan,  Bacnotan,  Balaoan,  Bangar 
and  Tagudin. 

Development  of  the  Native  Church. 

Much  has  been  accomplished  by  volunteer  w^ork- 
ers.  Many  villages  previously  unwilling  to  listen  to 
the  gospel  have  become  friendly  through  the  efforts 
of  these  workers  who  have  gone  to  the  remote  villages 
and  new  places  to  preach  and  to  do  personal  work. 
The  churches  have  grown  stronger,  and  have  ad- 
vanced in  self-government  and  self-support.  In  1913 
the  budget  system  of  finance  was  adopted.  The  church 
Erection  Society  has  already  been  mentioned.  A  num- 
ber of  chapels  have  been  built  through  its  aid.  In 
1912  a  missionary  society  was  organized.  By  the  end 
of  1913  more  than  one  hundred  and  seven  dollars  had 
been  collected.     The  first  missionary  work  consisted 


Philippine  Islands  109 

of  sending  a  teacher  to  a  large  village  in  the  mountain 
province  near  Tubao. 

Missionary  activities.  At  the  Annual  Conference 
held  in  Cava  during  the  first  two  weeks  of  April,  1920, 
the  greatest  enthusiasm  and  the  highest  point  of  in- 
terest centered  around  the  discussion  of  the  confer- 
ence missionary  activities.  The  conference  mission- 
ary society  had  sent  two  missionaries  to  work  among 
the  Kalingos.  On  a  recent  trip  Mr.  Widdoes  found 
that  the  missionary  here,  Mr.  Leones,  had  won  and 
baptized  one  of  the  leading  men  and  had  chosen  a  good 
center  from  vv^hich  to  work.  Crossing  into  Benguet, 
the  other  mission  field  of  our  Ilocano  Church,  Mr. 
Widdoes  found  eighty-four  Benguet  Igorotes  among 
whom  were  two  of  the  most  influential  fami- 
lies, ready  for  baptism.  Two  Sunday  schools  and  two 
congregations  were  organized.  At  the  last  Annual 
Conference,  March,  1921,  two  pastors  and  two  dea- 
conesses w^ere  sent  to  the  mountain  district  under  the 
direction  of  the  Filipino  Missionary  Society.  The 
church  in  the  Philippine  Islands  has  been  inspired  by 
the  big  United  Enlistment  program  of  the  Church  at 
home  and  has  endeavored  to  enter  into  a  similar  ef- 
fort. A  stewardship  campaign  was  carried  on  and 
more  than  one  hundred  signed  the  tither's  pledge,  and 
about  two  hundred-fifty  the  intercession  pledge.  Many 
young  people  promised  to  give  their  lives  to  Christian 
service.  Under  the  guidance  of  the  missionaries,  the 
leadership  of  strong  native  pastors,  the  United  Breth- 
ren Church  in  the  Philippine  Islands  is  going  forward 
to  still  greater  things  for  the  Master. 


110        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Summary.  To  carry  on  the  work  in  the  Philip- 
pines we  had  in  the  spring  of  1909,  eight  American 
missionaries  and  nine  Filipino  pastors.  At  the  con- 
ference that  year  there  were  reported  nineteen  organ- 
ized churches,  forty-nine  regular  preaching  places,  851 
communicant  members,  4,000  adherents,  eleven  Sun- 
day schools  with  a  membership  of  467,  five  Junior 
and  Senior  Christian  Endeavor  Societies.  The  total 
value  of  property  was  $4,691.00. 

For  the  year  ending  December  31,  1920,  there 
were  in  the  Philippine  Islands  nine  American  mis- 
sionaries, thirty-two  native  workers,  thirty-seven  or- 
ganized churches  with  a  membership  of  two  thousand 
eight  hundred  fifty-eight.  There  were  one  hundred 
thirty-five  additional  preaching  places.  Thirty-nine 
Sunday  schools  with  a  total  enrollment  of  two  thou- 
sand two  hundred  eighty-two,  eight  Senior  Christian 
Endeavor  societies,  membership  three  hundred  forty- 
eight;  sixteen  Junior  Christian  Endeavor  societies, 
membership  four  hundred  seventy-nine ;  one  boarding 
school  with  twenty-seven  pupils. 


'|The  Young  Women  s  Bible  Training! School,  San  Fernando,  P. 


>\j^^" 


Five  Deaconesses,  Graduates  of  the  Training  School. 


JAPAN 

Although  interested  as  individuals  in  the  mission 
work  in  Japan  it  was  not  until  cooperation  was  estab- 
lished in  1909  that  the  association  was  actively  con- 
cerned in  work  in  this  country. 

Our  work  in  Japan  Vv^as  opened  in  the  fall  of  1895. 
Churches  were  started  in  Tokyo,  and  other  places, 
but  the  work  was  not  well  organized  until  after  1898 
when  Dr.  and  Mrs.  A.  T.  Howard  took  charge. 

Japan  Conference  organized.  The  work  prospered 
and  in  the  spring  of  1902  the  Japan  Mission  Conference 
was  organized  with  three  ordained  missionaries  and 
eight  Japanese  evangelists  and  pastors.  A  short  time 
later  the  most  important  parts  of  the  Discipline  were 
translated  into  Japanese  and  put  into  the  hands  of  all 
our  workers. 

The  policy  early  adopted  was  that  of  direct  evan- 
gelization, and  special  emphasis  has  been  placed  on 
the  raising  up  of  a  strong  native  church. 

In  1911-1912  a  thorough  survey  was  made  of  con- 
ditions in  Japan.  This  showed  a  challenging  situation  : 
of  the  fifty  million  people  in  the  Empire,  thirty-five 
million  are  without  gospel  privileges.  This  work  was 
under  the  charge  of  an  interdenominational  committee 
and  as  a  result  of  this  survey,  the  United  Brethren 
Church  was  asked  to  assume  responsibility  for  two 
additional  territories  :  Chiba  Ken,  east  of  Tokyo,  with 
a  population  of  two  hundred  and  ten  thousand ;  and 
Shiga  Ken,  just  east  of  Kyoto,  where  there  are  at  least 
one  hundred  thousand  who  look  to  us  for  the  gospel. 


112 


Japan  113 

This  territory  was  accepted  by  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board,  thus  increasing  greatly  the  responsibility  of 
our  Church  in  Japan. 

Chiba  District. 
If  we  consider  our  work  geographically  rather 
than  chronologically  it  may  be  mentioned  first  that 
the  district  of  Chiba  Ken,  east  of  Tokyo,  has  never 
had  a  resident  missionary.  Two  native  pastors  and 
a  colporteur  have  been  faithful  but  have  been  unable 
to  make  a  deep  impression  on  these  thousands  for 
whom  we  United  Brethren  are  responsible.  A  kinder- 
garten recently  established  and  the  English  and  Bible 
classes  carried  on  for  many  years  have  been  a  great 
help  in  this  district  by  attracting  the  children  and  the 
young  men  of  the  student  classes  to  the  Church.  When 
we  shall  have  obtained  some  comparatively  inexpensive 
equipment  in  this  Chiba  Ken  our  great  field  can  be 
better  occupied.  An  agricultural  school  in  this  sec- 
tion, in  the  town  of  Matsudo,  and  shoyu  factories  in 
the  town  of  Noda,  have  added  to  our  opportunities.  In 
Funabashi  the  Japanese  themselves  have  built  a  church 
and  parsonage,  with  some  help  from  the  mission. 

Tokyo. 
In  Nihombashi,  the  central  ward  of  the  city  of 
Tokyo,  w^e  outgrew  our  Thompson  Memorial  Church 
several  years  ago  when  it  was  removed  to  Honjo,  the 
manufacturing  section  of  the  city.  Here  it  was  en- 
larged and  still  is  the  home  of  our  Honjo  congregation. 
This  part  of  Tokyo  with  its  slum  quarters  and  many 
tiny  overcrowded  houses  has  presented  an  unusually 


114        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

needy  field.  In  the  central  ward,  Nihombashi,  which 
by  the  way  is  the  geographical  center  of  the  Empire, 
we  have  a  splendidly  located  lot  and  have  for  years 
been  using  the  Japanese  building  for  church  purposes. 
It  is  not  at  all  suitable  and  our  Church,  to  be  true 
to  its  trust,  must  soon  erect  there  an  ample  building 
for  the  thousands  in  this  strategic  center.  A  night 
school  here  has  been  much  appreciated  by  tlie  young 
men. 

In  Harajuku,  one  of  the  residential  suburbs  of 
this  city,  we  have  a  church  erected  years  ago  by  a 
Woman's  Day  offering.  The  building  is  well  fitted 
also  for  Sunday-school  and  class  room  vv^ork.  Bible 
classes  among  Normal  school  students  and  a  much  ap- 
preciated kindergarten  are  some  of  our  by-activities 
here.  Our  Okubo  Church  in  Tokyo  has  been  noted 
from  the  first  for  its  immediate  attempts  at  self-sup- 
port. Usually  self-support  is  attained  through  a  period 
of  years  but  in  this  case  the  people  led  by  their  soldier- 
pastor,  quickly  reached  this  stage. 

In  Shimo  Shibuya,  another  Tokyo  suburb,  our  two 
missionary  residences  are  located.  Nearby  is  a  church 
building  where  fine  work  is  being  done.  The  kinder- 
garten here,  the  first  one  of  the  six  now  in  our  Church 
in  Japan,  has  been  reaping  a  fine  harvest.  The  Church 
has  reason  to  be  proud  of  our  alumnal  groups  of  fine 
sturdy  Sunday-school  boys  and  girls. 

Other  Stations. 

Along  the  main  railway  of  Japan  are  located  nu- 
merous other  churches — by  the  seaside,  in  medium 
sized  cities  and  larger  centers.  The  work  being  done 


Japan  115 

can  be  almost  uniformly  measured  by  the  permanency 
of  the  housing.  In  the  large  progressive  city  of  Nagoya 
for  instance,  we  have  been  obliged  to  move  so  many 
times  and  to  such  unsuitable  locations  that  the  re- 
sults have  not  been  altogether  satisfying.  The  in- 
creasingly high  rents,  the  unusually  strong  Buddhist 
sentiment  and  the  resultant  antagonism  of  house  own- 
ers to  Christianity,  have  all  conspired  to  limit  our  ef- 
forts. As  a  contrast,  in  Shizuoka  where  our  young 
people  years  ago  furnished  a  church  building  and  in 
Numazu  where  a  remodelled  Japanese  building  has 
met  the  need,  the  work  has  made  more  steady  prog- 
ress. 

Osaka,  the  commercial  capital  of  Japan,  was  entered 
by  our  Church  in  1910  because  some  of  our  loyal  mem- 
bers moved  there  from  other  places.  Within  a  year 
forty  were  baptized,  these  largely,  of  the  merchant 
class.  In  Kobe,  one  of  Japan's  two  most  important 
seaports,  a  lot  has  recently  been  purchased  and  our 
w^ork  there  already  so  well  established  among  the 
children  through  the  Sunday  school,  will  make  steady 
growth  with  a  permanent  home. 

Shiga  District. 
The  district  of  Shiga  Ken  which  was  allotted  to 
us  after  the  general  survey  of  1911,  is  situated  near 
Kyoto.  Some  of  our  earliest  work  was  begun  in  this 
section,  but  until  recent  years  made  very  slow  prog- 
ress. Otsu,  the  capital  of  this  province,  is  where  Rev. 
Monroe  Crecelius  died  in  1907,  of  scarlet  fever.  He  had 
spent  the  previous  year  in  the  language  school  and 
teaching  Bible  classes  in  Tokyo.  The  need  of  Otsu 
was  so  overwhelming  and  Mr.  Crecelius  was  meeting 


116        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

the  challenge  splendidly  when  his  earth  life  so  sud- 
denly ended.  But  the  pitiful  need  of  the  thousands 
there  was  burdening  the  hearts  of  our  people  both  in 
Japan  and  America  and  now  in  this  Shiga  Ken  a  most 
encouraging  work  is  being  carried  on.  The  city  of 
Otsu  itself  has  been  difficult  to  reach  and  has  yielded 
but  slowly  to  gospel  influences,  yet  great  progress 
is  being  made  in  Zeze  and  Baba  (two  neighboring 
cities  that  are  really  suburbs  of  Otsu),  and  there  is 
practically  no  limit  to  the  opportunities  in  this  prov- 
ince as  a  whole.  Access  to  all  government  schools 
has  been  granted  and  a  w^ide  acquaintance  gained. 
English  and  Bible  classes,  night  schools,  summer 
schools  and  camp,  and  women's  meetings  have  given 
the  coveted  opportunities  of  making  Christ  known  to 
many  students  and  business  young  people  and  official 
classes.  Splendid  kindergartens  not  only  assure  the 
stability  of  our  work  in  the  future,  but  serve  in  many 
cases  as  the  first  opening  into  the  Japanese  homes  of 
today.  A  theater  building  in  Zeze  was  purchased  and 
remodelled  and  serves  now  as  a  fine  tabernacle  for  the 
worship  of  God  and  center  of  our  work.  In  Baba  our 
church  owns  a  student  dormitory  which  with  its  varied 
activities  is  also  an  asset  to  our  work.  In  these  nu- 
merous ways  we  are  ministering  to  the  100,000  people 
of  this  district  for  whom  we  United  Brethren  are  re- 
sponsible. 

Kyoto. 

Kyoto  First  Church  was  built  up  by  the  sacrifi- 
cial labors  of  our  sainted  Ishiguro  and  our  church 
building  and  parsonage  have  made  permanent  the 
growth  of  the  fine  congregation.    This  church  in  addi- 


Japan  117 

tion  to  the  main  auditorium  has  three  Sunday-school 
rooms,  pastor's  study,  and  a  gallery  extending  across 
one  end  of  the  auditorium.  There  are  two  other 
United  Brethren  churches  in  Kyoto  doing  good  work, 
though  one  is  still  in  a  rented  building. 

Here  is  situated  Doshisha  University.  In  this 
school  we  have  educated  our  young  men  and  are  now 
cooperating  to  the  extent  of  furnishing  one  Japanese 
and  one  American  professor,  the  latter  filling  the  chair 
of  religious  pedagogy  in  the  theological  department. 
The  enrollment  of  this  Christian  university  is  now 
more  than  two  thousand  with  sixty  young  men  in 
the  theological  department.  Our  third  missionary 
residence,  commodious  and  well  built,  is  near  Do- 
shisha University. 

Expansion  of  the  Work. 

Visits  to  Japan  by  Dr.  Bell,  Bishop  Mills,  Dr. 
Hough  and  still  later  ones  by  Bishop  Howard,  brought 
inspiration  and  help  to  Japan  and  also  a  challenging 
picture  of  the  imperative  needs  to  the  Church  at  home. 

Interdenominational  activities.  Our  missionaries 
and  Japanese  workers  have  entered  heartily  into  wider 
interdenominational  activities.  Dr.  Joseph  Cosand, 
for  many  years  our  senior  missionary,  has  published 
two  volumes  which  were  contributions  to  the  general 
subject  of  Christian  evidences.  In  1913  the  new  Chris- 
tian Literature  Society  was  organized  by  the  federated 
missions  of  Japan.  This  society  was  to  produce, 
translate  and  distribute  Christian  literature.  That  year 
also  the  Continuation  Committee  Conference,  con- 
ducted  by   John    R.    Mott,   inaugurated   a   three-year, 


118        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

evangelistic  campaign  which  resulted  in  great  gains 
in  many  parts  of  Japan.  Since  1909  the  "Dobo,"  the 
monthly  United  Brethren  periodical,  has  been  pub- 
lished, as  have  also  some  other  monthly  papers,  pam- 
phlets and  tracts  for  distribution  among  the  individual 
churches.  Both  missionaries  and  Japanese  pastors 
have  been  closely  identified  with  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  National  Sunday  school  Association. 

The  United  Brethren  Church  in  Japan  has  thus 
grown  in  self-consciousness.  The  laymen  are  taking 
an  increasingly  active  part.  In  1915  at  the  annual 
conference,  the  Rijikwai  (a  council  of  administration 
to  assist  the  superintendent)  was  established,  and  a 
Japanese  pastor  elected  by  the  conference  to  assist 
the  mission  superintendent  in  supervising  the  churches 
of  the  conference.  This  council  has  proved  of  great 
value  both  in  the  development  of  the  native  church 
and  in  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  mission.  Steady 
and  substantial  progress  is  being  made  by  the  Japan- 
ese United  Brethren  conference  in  the  stewardship 
of  life,  the  stewardship  of  money,  and  the  stewardship 
of  the  gospel. 

Summary.  For  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1920,  there  were  included  in  our  mission  in  Japan, 
seven  missionaries,  eighteen  native  workers,  twenty 
organized  churches  with  a  membership  of  1679,  twenty- 
eight  Sunday  schools,  with  a  total  enrollment  of  1989, 
and  five  day  schools  with  140  pupils. 


PORTO  RICO 

Our  Clmrch  was  one  of  the  first  to  establish  work 
in  Porto  Rico.  In  February,  1899,  Dr.  W.  M.  Bell, 
then  Secretary  of  the  Kome,  Frontier  and  Foreign 
Missionary  Society,  went  to  the  island.  An  early 
asrreement  was  entered  into  b}^  the  various  denomina- 
tions  to  prevent  duplication  and  overlapping  of  work. 
Our  Church  is  held  responsible  for  the  section  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  the  island. 

First  church  organized.  On  July  28,  1899,  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  N.  H.  Huffman,  our  first  missionaries,  ar- 
rived on  the  island  and  opened  mission  work  in  Ponce, 
a  city  of  30,000  inhabitants.  A  church  was  organized 
in  I\Iay,  1900,  with  ten  members. 

During  1901  work  was  opened  in  Juana  Diaz,  the 
center  of  a  district  of  28,000  people  with  no  Protestant 
church  among  them.  A  church  vv^as  organized  July 
19,  1903,  with  nineteen  members. 

From  Ponce  and  Juana  Diaz  as  centers,  the  gos- 
pel was  carried  into  the  surrounding  tov/ns  and 
barrios. 

In  1907  Mr.  Huffman,  the  superintendent,  recom- 
mended that  our  work  be  extended  and  requested  the 
board  to  grant  him  the  privilege  of  doing  pioneer 
work  in  Yauco,  where  very  little  gospel  work  had  been 
done.  After  careful  investigation  this  plan  was  ap- 
proved and  Rev.  P.  AY.  Drury,  who  went  to  the  field 
in  1901,  was  made  superintendent  and  located  at 
Ponce. 


120        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

A  church  with  twenty-three  members  was  or- 
ganized in  Yauco,  just  one  year  after  the  opening  of 
the  work  there. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Sunday  is  the  chief 
market  day  of  the  week,  the  attendance  at  the  Bible 
schools,  which  are  the  only  Sunday  morning  services, 
is  usually  larger  than  the  church  membership.  A  large 
part  of  the  church  membership  attends  the  mid-week 
prayer  meeting.  In  the  Christian  Endeavor  meeting 
emphasis  is  placed  on  testimony  and  training  for  spe- 
cial work.  Special  emphasis  has  been  given  to  the 
training  of  native  pastors  and  a  regular  course  of  study 
has  been  outlined  for  them.  The  Porto  Rican  pastor  is 
given  large  responsibility,  and  the  missionary  seeks 
to  honor  him  and  work  through  him  for  the  up-lifting 
of  the  people  of  his  parish. 

Several  years  ago  normal  classes  were  first  or- 
ganized in  the  Sunday  schools  and  the  teachers  are 
being  better  prepared  for  their  work.  Personal  Work- 
ers' classes  have  been  organized  in  some  of  the 
churches.  The  members  are  being  taught  the  prin- 
ciples of  Christian  stewardship  and  splendid  advance 
has  been  made  in  the  way  of  self-support. 

Each  annual  report  from  Porto  Rico  has  revealed 
a  rather  slow  but  steady  growth  in  practically  every 
department  of  the  work. 

Growth  after  thirteen  years.  In  1912  Bishop 
G.  M.  Mathews  made  a  survey  of  the  field  in  Porto 
Rico  presiding  at  the  annual  conference.  He  gave  the 
following  summary  of  the  advances  made.  "Thirteen 
years  ago  Rev.  N.  H.  Huffman  was  our  only  mission- 
ary on  the  island.     We  had  no  property,  no  building, 


Porto  Rico  121 

no  organization,  no  annual  conference.  Now  we  have 
nine  American  missionaries,  eighteen  Porto  Rican 
preachers  and  deaconesses,  fifteen  organized  churches, 
thirty-two  other  preaching  places,  thirty  Sunday 
schools  with  an  enrollment  of  one  thousand  five  hun- 
dred thirty-eight  and  one  thousand  sixty-six  hundred 
members  in  full  communion,  besides  about  five  hun- 
dred who  are  candidates  in  training  for  full  member- 
ship." 

In  1911  the  building  of  a  rest  home  in  Porto  Rico 
was  begun.  This  rest  home  had  been  made  possible 
by  a  Woman's  Day  offering.  The  house  is  situated 
about  twelve  miles  from  Ponce.  This  rest  cottage, 
called  Mt.  Herman,  is  a  source  both  of  pleasure  and 
profit  to  our  missionaries,  enabling  them  to  get  away 
from  the  heat  and  burden  of  work  for  a  short  while 
from  time  to  time. 

Advance  in  self-help.  The  native  church  in  Por- 
to Rico  has  advanced  a  long  way  in  self-support  and 
in  missionary  enterprise.  By  the  close  of  the  year 
1917  ten  buildings  had  been  erected  by  funds  con- 
tributed almost  entirely  by  members  of  the  Porto 
Rican  churches.  These  buildings  are  for  the  most 
part  rural  chapels.  At  the  eleventh  annual  conference, 
January,  1914,  a  plan  was  adopted  looking  toward  self- 
support.  Continued  advance  has  been  made  in  this 
line  and  it  is  hoped  that  within  a  maximum  period  of 
thirteen  years  all  the  present  Porto  Rican  churches 
will  be  entirely  self-supporting. 

A  number  of  evangelistic  campaigns  have  been 
held  with  good  success.  In  the  campaign  of  1913 
there  were  two  hundred  confessions  of  faith  and  the 


122 


Porto  Rico  123 

churches  were  wonderfully  quickened.     Another  very 
successful  campaign  was  held  in  1917. 

Union  enterprises.  From  the  beginning  there  has 
been  cooperation  among  the  denominations  carrying 
on  mission  work  in  the  island.  In  1912  the  Puerto 
Rico  Evangelico  was  established  with  the  Presby- 
terian, Congregational  and  United  Brethren  missions 
cooperating.  In  1905  a  press  had  been  established  in 
our  mission  which  had  been  publishing  tracts  and 
papers  in  so  successful  and  effective  a  manner  that  the 
union  project  resulted.  This  gave  the  paper  much 
wider  circulation  and  influence.  In  1915  the  Metho- 
dists decided  to  cooperate  also  which  gave  a  total  cir- 
culation of  approximately  five  thousand.  By  1917, 
seven  denominations  were  cooperating  in  the  Puerto 
Rico  Evangelico,  and  in  1921  the  circulation  was  over 
6,000.  The  work  of  the  press  has  been  carried  on  at 
Ponce  in  charge  of  Rev.  P.  W.  Drury.  In  March, 
1916,  the  Regional  Conference,  following  the  Congress 
of  Christian  Work  in  Latin  America,  convened  in 
Porto  Rico.  Bishop  A.  T.  Howard  attended  both  of 
these  conferences,  held  the  Porto  Rican  annual  con- 
ference, sailing  then  to  Africa.  The  Evangelical 
Union  of  Porto  Rico  made  up  of  eight  of  the  evangeli- 
cal churches  at  work  here  was  formed  in  1916  with 
strong  committees  on  education,  literature,  evangelism 
and  moral  reform.  This  action  brought  not  only  closer 
cooperation  among  the  missions  but  greatly  strength- 
ened the  Porto  Rican  church.  The  next  year  was  the 
year  of  the  great  prohibition  campaign,  culminating 
in  a  great  victory,  and  this  triumph  of  the  cause  of 
prohibition  was  more  largely  due  to  the  mission  press 


124        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

than  any  other  agency.  The  churches  took  a  very 
vital  interest  in  this  campaign.  Rev.  P.  W.  Drury 
was  one  of  the  most  active  forces,  remaining  in  Porto 
Rico  beyond  the  time  he  had  for  furlough  until  the 
victory  had  been  won. 

Cooperation  has  also  been  carried  on  in  the  edu- 
cational field.  When  Porto  Rico  became  American 
territory  our  school  system  was  introduced  there,  but 
as  a  very  inadequate  provision  was  made  for  the  chil- 
dren, many  of  the  missions  opened  day  schools.  As 
the  school  system  was  developed  by  the  government, 
many  of  the  mission  schools  were  closed  primarily 
owing  to  the  demand  for  funds  for  the  evangelistic 
work.  The  educational  system  is  not  yet  adequate, 
however,  one  hundred  thousand  children  remaining 
without  educational  advantages.  Several  of  the  de- 
nominations are  therefore  reopening  their  day  schools. 
Of  the  higher  schools  the  United  Brethren  workers 
cooperate  with  the  Polytechnic  Institute  located  at 
San  German  which  provides  for  students  from  the 
sixth  grade  through  the  high  school  course.  To  this 
school  those  are  sent  who  are  preparing  for  the  min- 
istry, before  they  enter  the  Union  Theological  Sem- 
inary. While  we  have  contributed  nothing  to  this 
school  we  are  privileged  to  send  students  to  it  by  pay- 
ing a  small  tuition  fee.  This  is  true  also  in  regard  to 
the  Blanche  Kellogg  Institute  at  Santurce  (San  Juan), 
a  Congregational  school  for  girls.  The  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary  has  grown  out  of  the  imperative 
need  of  a  well-trained  ministry.  In  this  enterprise 
seven    denominations    cooperate.      The    Seminary    is 


Porto  Rico  125 

located  in  Rio  Piedras,  facing  the  University  of  Porto 
Rico,  where  the  students  pursue  certain  studies. 

Missionary  work  of  native  church.  Of  the  sixteen 
churches  and  chapels  at  least  nine  were  built  from  of- 
ferings made  on  the  field.  More  than  two  thousand 
persons  from  all  ages  and  classes  are  gathered  each 
Lord's  Day  for  the  study  of  the  Word,  and  in  Sunday 
evening  and  midweek  services  the  gospel  is  being 
preached  to  not  less  than  three  thousand  each  week. 
There  were,  June,  1921,  under  seven  missionaries  and 
eighteen  native  workers,  eight  Christian  Endeavor 
Societies,  seventeen  organized  congregations  with  six- 
teen hundred  baptized  members  and  more  than  two 
hundred  candidates  in  preparation  for  church  mem- 
bership. The  offerings  have  increased  from  almost 
nothing  in  the  beginning  to  more  than  five  thousand 
dollars.  More  than  five  hundred  of  this  amount  was 
contributed  to  home  and  foreign  missions. 

The  money  gathered  for  foreign  missions  is  used 
to  open  up  work  in  Santa  Domingo.  It  had  long  been 
the  earnest  desire  of  the  Christians  of  Porto  Rico  to 
occupy  this  needy  field.  This  was  also  strongly  urged 
by  the  Regional  Conference  of  1916.  Then,  too,  many 
Porto  Ricans  moved  to  Santo  Domingo,  so  the  work 
would  be  partly  that  of  conservation.  Work  was 
finally  opened  in  1920  with  two  denominations  cooper- 
ating and  our  own  Church  helping  by  giving  the  serv- 
ices of  Rev.  Philo  W.  Drury,  who  spent  six  months  on 
the  island  to  purchase  a  suitable  property  and  organize 
the  work.  Rev.  N.  H.  Huffman,  our  first  missionary 
to  Porto  Rico,  went  to  carry  on  this  work  in  June, 
1921. 


126        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Much  has  been  accomplished  in  Porto  Rico.  Yet 
not  half  of  the  field  dependent  upon  the  United  Breth- 
ren Church  for  its  opportunity  to  learn  the  way  of 
salvation,  has  been  occupied. 


OUR    HOME   MISSION    FIELD 

Portland,  Oregon. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  work  as  an  Association 
the  Chinese  on  the  Pacific  coast  had  enlisted  the  sym- 
pathy of  our  women.  The  Bishops  returning  from 
visits  to  the  coast  told  of  how  utterly  destitute  of  gos- 
pel privileges  these  people  were.  Nothing  definite 
was  done  until  in  the  spring  of  1881,  when  the  Board 
of  Managers  at  its  meeting  in  Western,  Iowa,  adopted 
the  following  resolution :  "That  we  request  the  Trus- 
tees to  open  a  school  for  the  Chinese  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  as  soon  as  practicable." 

School  for  Chinese  opened.  Bishop  Castle  visited 
San  Francisco,  and  Portland,  Oregon,  and  found  many 
Chinese  at  both  places.  In  Portland  he  found  a  night 
school  for  the  Chinese  which  had  been  carried  on  for 
six  years  by  Moy  Ling,  a  Christian  Chinaman.  The 
school  had  grown  so  large  that  Moy  Ling  w^as  anx- 
ious to  transfer  it  to  some  church,  and  Bishop  Castle 
began  to  negotiate  for  it.  After  careful  investigation, 
the  Trustees,  in  October,  1882,  decided  to  take  the 
school.  November  15,  1882,  Mrs.  Ellen  Sickafoose,  of 
Buchanan,  Michigan,  was  appointed  to  take  charge 
of  the  mission.  When  she  went  to  Portland  July  16, 
1883,  there  w^ere  twenty  pupils.  Within  nine  months 
the  number  increased  to  157  and  they  contributed 
$407  toward  the  support  of  the  school,  which  Vv'as  held 
every  evening  during  the  week  except  Saturday. 

A  Sunday  school  was  organized  the  first  Sunday 
after  the  arrival   of   Mrs.   Sickafoose.     The   building 


128        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

which  had  been  rented  became  very  crowded  and  there 
was  great  need  for  a  larger  and  better  place. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  at 
Hartsville,  Indiana,  in  May,  1884,  Rev.  George  Sicka- 
foose  was  appointed  to  this  work.  At  this  time  it  was 
learned  that  the  building  used  for  the  school  w^as  to 
be  sold.  Action  was  taken  to  secure  a  suitable  place 
for  the  school.  Early  in  1885  a  property  was  pur- 
chased costing  $8,000. 

During  the  first  five  years  of  our  mission  work  in 
Portland  great  prosperity  attended  it,  500  different 
Chinese  had  been  in  the  school  and  fifty-nine  had 
professed  faith  in  Christ  and  joined  the  Church.  Dur- 
ing these  five  years  the  pupils  paid  $2,545.58  in  tuition, 
on  the  property,  and  for  missions. 

In  July,  1891,  Rev.  George  Sickafoose  resigned  and 
entered  the  active  ministry.  Mrs.  Sickafoose  with  Moy 
Ling  continued  the  school ;  but  on  account  of  ill  health, 
she  resigned  October  1,  1893.  Mrs.  Mary  Henkle,  of 
Philomath,  Oregon,  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy, 
with  Moy  Ling  continued  as  assistant  and  interpreter. 
In  1897  it  was  thought  that  perhaps  better  results 
might  be  obtained  if  the  school  were  moved  nearer 
to  Chinatown.  This  was  done  with  increased  ex- 
pense, and  while  a  fair  number  of  boys  attended  the 
school  the  result  was  not  what  the  trustees  and  super- 
intendent expected. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  at  West- 
erville  in  1898  the  following  recommendation  was 
adopted : 

School  discontinued.  "On  account  of  the  changed 
conditions  and  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  M.  E.  Henkle, 


Vera  B.  Blinn 

To  whose  memory  the  Jubilee  Offering  is  dedicated. 


Our  Home  Mission  Field  129 

the  distance  of  the  mission  from  Chinatown,  the  fail- 
ure to  secure  the  hoped-for  results  by  moving  to  a 
more  suitable  location,  that  the  school  at  Portland  be 
suspended  for  the  present,  and  that  our  property  be 
disposed  of  as  soon  as  the  Trustees  deem  advisable, 
the  proceeds  to  be  used  for  our  work  in  China. 

The  property  was  sold  in  1906  for  $7,000  and  the 
the  proceeds  to  be  used  for  our  work  in  China." 

New  work.  There  was  a  growing  need  for  a 
United  Brethren  Church  in  Portland,  and  upon  the 
advice  of  Bishop  Hott  the  Board  of  Managers  at  its 
meeting  in  Decatur,  Illinois,  in  May,  1891,  agreed  to 
pay  toward  the  pastor's  support  for  five  years  and 
pledged  $3,000  to  assist  in  purchasing  property,  pro- 
vided that  Oregon  Conference  open  a  mission  in  that 
city,  provide  a  pastor,  and  erect  the  building.  The 
offer  was  accepted. 

In  the  fall  of  1891  a  hall  was  rented  and  a  church 
organized  with  twenty-six  members.  In  January, 
1892,  a  lot  was  purchased  for  $3,500  and  the  building 
was  begun  in  the  spring. 

On  account  of  the  financial  depression  all  over 
the  country,  the  conference  was  not  able  to  complete 
the  church.  The  Association  therefore  assumed  all 
financial  responsibility.  The  church  was  finished  in 
the  summer  of  1894  at  a  cost  of  $5,000  and  deeded  to 
the  Association.  It  was  dedicated  November  18,  1894, 
by  Bishop  N.  Castle  and  Bishop  J.  S.  Mills. 

Property  Deeded  to  the  Local  Church.  During 
the  years  that  the  church  was  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Association  its  growth  in  membership  was  very 


130       The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

small.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  in 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  May,  1899,  the  committee 
brought  in  the  following  report,  which  was  adopted 
by  a  full  rising  vote : 

"Since  it  is  believed  that  the  welfare  of  our  Port- 
land church  will  be  better  secured  by  placing  it  in  the 
same  relation  to  the  General  Church  as  the  other 
Coast  churches,  as  was  originally  intended  when  the 
Portland  church  was  projected,  it  was  decided  to 
adopt  the  recommendation  of  the  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary that  our  church  property  in  East  Portland  be 
deeded  to  the  Trustees  of  the  local  U.  B.  Church  in 
Portland,  Oregon  Conference,  that  we  agree  to  pay 
toward  the  pastor's  salary,  $300  for  1899  and  $200  for 
1900,  when  our  financial  connection  shall  cease."  The 
latter  amount  was  changed  to  $300  at  the  request  of  the 
Bishop  and  presiding  elder  of  Oregon  Conference, 
which  sum  was  also  paid  in  1901. 

During  these  eight  years  the  Women's  Missionary 
Association  contributed  $12,666.68  to  the  Portland 
church. 

For  nine  years  following  the  transfer  of  our  work 
in  Portland  the  association  did  not  do  any  distinctively 
home  mission  work. 

Cooperating  With  The  Home  Missionary  Society 
With  a  membership  already  vitally  interested  as 
individuals  in  the  cause  of  Home  Missions  the  agree- 
ment made  in  1909  to  cooperate  with  the  Home  Mis- 
sionary Society  in  its  work  was  a  source  of  joy  and 
satisfaction. 

The  Home  Missionary  activities  of  our  Church 
began  with  its  earliest  history.     Many  preachers  on 


Our  Home  Mission  Field  131 

their  own  responsibility  made  long  and  dangerous 
journeys  to  reach  neglected  territories.  Later  each 
Conference  carried  on  its  own  Home  Missionary 
work  within  its  own  borders,  and  even  in  outlying 
districts. 

The  General  Conference  of  1841  appointed  a  mis- 
sionary board,  but  since  no  constitution,  etc.,  were  pro- 
vided, no  progress  was  made  until  effective  organiza- 
tion was  made  by  the  General  Conference  of  1853. 
For  many  years  both  home  and  foreign  work  were 
carried  on  by  the  society  here  founded — the  Home, 
Frontier  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

Conference  Extension. 

The  task  of  opening  up  new  fields  and  organizing.; 
new  conferences  is  carried  on  under  the  care  and  with 
the  active  support  of  the  society  of  Home  Missions. 
These  conferences  are  known  as  home  mission  confer- 
ences. As  soon  as  possible  such  conferences  become 
self-supporting.  Some  of  the  earliest  mission  confer- 
ences were  Oregon  (organized  1856),  Kansas  (1857), 
Minnesota  (1857),  Wisconsin  (1858),  Nebraska  (1858), 
California  (1863),  etc. 

During  the  years  a  number  of  the  conferences  have 
been  so  strengthened  through  the  help  of  the  Home 
Missionary  Society  that  they  have  not  only  assumed 
full  self-support,  but  are  contributing  largely  to  the 
work  of  the  Church  both  at  home  and  abroad.  At  the 
present  time  Oklahoma,  Colorado,  Minnesota,  Mis- 
souri, New  Mexico,  and  Montana  are  receiving  aid 
from  the  Home  Mission  Society. 

In  1909,  the  first  year  of  cooperation,  our  funds 
for  home  missions  were  appropriated  to  the  work  in 


132 


Our  Home  Mission  Field  133 

North   Texas   Conference,   Stockton,   California,   Ore- 
gon Conference,  and  Walla  Walla,  Washington. 

In  North  Texas  Conference  the  first  church  was 
organized  in  April,  1907,  at  Hartville,  Oklahoma,  with 
thirteen  members,  by  Mrs.  Callie  King,  a  former  mis- 
sionary in  Africa.  The  conference  was  organized  by 
Bishop  W.  M.  Weekley  in  November,  1908,  with  four 
ordained  ministers  and  three  holding  quarterly  con- 
ference relations.  The  North  Texas  Conference  was 
divided  into  the  Oklahoma  and  New  Mexico  Confer- 
ence in  1914.  A  church  at  Stockton,  California,  was 
organized  in  1907,  and  has  made  steady  progress. 
New  church  buildings  were  erected  and  organizations 
of  congregations  and  Sunday  schools  were  effected  in 
Oregon  and  Washington. 

City  Missions, 
For  many  years,  in  accordance  with  the  policy  of 
our  denomination  the  work  of  extending  the  church 
was  largely  in  the  rural  districts.  With  the  change 
that  has  been  taking  place  in  the  distribution  of  popu- 
lation, namely,  the  rapid  growth  of  cities  until  with 
the  last  census  it  was  found  that  now  more  than  fifty 
percent  of  the  population  of  the  United  States  is  lo- 
cated in  cities,  and  that  the  rate  of  growth  of  cities  has 
exceeded  that  of  the  total  population  of  the  country, 
it  became  necessary  for  a  change  in  policy,  if  the 
United  Brethren  Church  was  to  conserve  its  rural 
membership  rapidly  moving  to  the  cities,  and  to  do  its 
share  in  giving  the  Gospel  of  Christ  to  these  needy 
districts.  This  led  to  the  City  Mission  work,  a  plan 
whereby  our  Church  has  entered  seven  important  cities 
in  strategic  locations,  as  follows:     Rockford,  Illinois; 


134        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

Great  Falls,  Montana ;  Ft.  Wayne,  Indiana  (South 
Wayne  Church)  ;  Louisville,  Kentucky  (The  Cadle 
Memorial  Tabernacle);  Fairmont,  West  Virginia; 
Greenville,  Tennessee;  Tampa,  Florida  (Second).  In 
each  case  the  churches  established  in  these  centers 
have  had  steady  growth  and  either  have  become  or 
are  rapidly  becoming  self-supporting.  There  are 
many  other  cities  in  which  a  similar  work  should  be 
done  both  to  answer  the  need  of  the  city  and  to  insure 
the  existence  and  growth  of  our  denomination.  An 
active  program  covering  the  present  quadrennium  has 
been  planned.  Its  importance  cannot  be  over  empha- 
sized. For  several  years  past  the  portion  of  the 
Woman's  Day  offering  devoted  to  Home  Missions 
has  been  given  to  this  City  Mission  Fund. 

Deaconess  Work. 
Beginning  with  1910  and  continuing  through  1916 
the  support  of  the  deaconesses  in  Home  Mission 
churches,  requisitioned  a  portion  of  each  Woman's 
Day  offering.  During  this  period  of  seven  years 
a  total  of  twelve  deaconesses  were  in  service. 
Trained  in  The  Bonebrake  Theological  Seminary 
and  well  equipped  for  the  work,  these  women 
were  of  greatest  value  to  the  churches  where  they 
labored.  Through  visiting  the  church  members,  the 
people  of  the  community,  sick  and  needy,  through 
personal  soul-winning  and  activity  in  the  various  de- 
partments of  the  church,  the  deaconess  fills  an  im- 
portant position  and  many  of  our  churches  would  find 
their  field  of  service  greatly  extended  and  their  use- 
fulness to  the  community  heightened  through  the  em- 
ployment of  one  of  these  trained  workers.     Since  1916 


Our  Home  Mission  Field  135 

the  deaconesses  have  no  longer  been  supported  by  the 
Home  Mission  Society,  but  are  employed  by  the  in- 
dividual churches. 

Spanish  -A  merle  an  Work . 

Some  of  the  first  of  the  deaconesses  to  be  em- 
ployed were  sent  to  open  up  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing phases  of  our  home  missionary  work,  that  in  New 
Mexico.  In  1912  in  response  to  the  need  of  the  Span- 
ish Americans  in  this  territory  first  of  all  for  the 
knowledge  of  a  Savior,  for  better  living  conditions  and 
an  opportunity  for  an  education,  it  was  decided  to  open 
up  school  work  at  Velarde,  New  Mexico. 

V/ork  opened  at  Velarde.  Miss  Mellie  Perkins 
arrived  in  Velarde  early  in  October,  1912.  From  the 
beginning  bitter  opposition  and  even  persecution  was 
encountered  from  the  Catholic  Church  by  our  v/ork- 
ers. 

Santa  Cruz.  In  1914  work  was  opened  at  Santa 
Cruz.  Through  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  E.  Mc- 
Curdy  of  Lebanon,  Pa.,  in  memory  of  their  daughter 
Edith,  the  Edith  M.  McCurdy  Mission  was  erected  in 
Santa  Cruz.  The  property  consists  of  two  and  one- 
half  acres  with  a  mission  house  of  two  stories.  With 
the  growth  of  the  work  and  the  determination  to  con- 
centrate all  boarding  school  work  at  Santa  Cruz,  new 
and  more  adequate  quarters  were  necessary.  The 
Edith  McCurdy  Home  was  converted  into  a  boys'  dor- 
mitory. A  large  dormitory  that  will  house  from  sev- 
enty-five to  one  hundred  girls  was  completed  in  Au- 
gust, 1920.  An  electric  plant  was  installed  to  light  all 
three  of  our  buildings  at  Santa  Cruz,  additional  land 


136        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

has  been  purchased  and  playground  equipment  in- 
stalled. Larger  quarters  to  care  for  the  boys,  and  a 
complete  water  system  for  the  plant  are  imperatively 
needed. 


Alcalde.  In  1917  a  third  school  was  opened  at 
Alcalde,  about  half  way  between  Santa  Cruz  and 
Velarde.  In  November,  1920,  an  adequate  school 
building  was  completed  here,  containing  school  rooms 
and  quarters  for  teachers.  By  the  close  of  1922  it  is 
expected  that  through  building  and  remodeling,  ade- 
quate quarters  will  be  furnished  for  the  work  at  Ve- 
larde. 


At  Santa  Cruz  there  is  both  day  and  boarding 
school  work;  at  Velarde  and  Alcalde  just  the  Plaza 
or  day  school  is  held.  Church  services  are  conducted 
at  all  three  stations.  About  two  hundred  are  enrolled 
in  the  three  schools.  The  organized  Church  at  Santa 
Cruz  has  a  membership  of  forty-four.  Here  there  is 
also  a  Chapter  of  the  Otterbein  Guild.  While  the  re- 
sults in  New  Mexico  are  slow,  the  work  is  necessary, 
not  only  from  the  viewpoint  of  our  national  welfare, 
but  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  evangelization  and 
christianization  of  this  ever-increasing  Spanish  Ameri- 
can people,  who  are  becoming  an  organic  part  of  our 
nationality  and  civilization. 


Our  Home  Mission  Field  137 

Summary.  The  annual  report  of  1921  showed  the 
following  statistics :  14,475  members  on  our  home  mis- 
sion fields ;  an  average  of  7,782  at  preaching  services, 
and  at  Sunday  schools  9,242  with  an  enrollment  of 
17,594.  There  are  130  missionaries  serving  158  ap- 
pointments. During  the  year  there  were  2,243  acces- 
sions and  $246,354.33  paid  by  our  home  mission  field 
for  all  purposes.  Since  the  organization  the  Home 
^Missionary  Society  and  the  Church  received  from  its 
fields  three  dollars  for  every  one  expended,  besides 
42,834  souls  saved. 


138        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

SOME  IMPORTANT  DATES 

1853  The  Home,  Frontier  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society- 
was  organized  in   May. 

1855  First  missionaries  of  the  church — Rev.  D.  K.  Flickingcr, 
Rev.  W.  J.  Shuey  and  Dr.  D.  C.  Kumler,  sailed  for 
Africa,  February  26. 

1857  Shenge,  in  the  Sherbro  Country  was  chosen  as  the  site 
for  the  first  mission  station. 

1869     Ohio  German  Sister's  missionary  society  organized. 

1872  Women  of  California  Conference  organized  a  mission- 
ary society.  May  8. 

1872  Miami  Conference  Women's  Missionary  Association 
organized,   May  9. 

1873  Women's  Missionary  Association  of  White  River  Con- 
ference organized  November  24. 

1873  A  column  in  the  Missionary  Visitor  set  apart  for  the  use 
of  Women's  Missionary  Association. 

1875  Organization  of  the  National  Board  of  the  Women's 
Missionary  Association,   October  21. 

1876  Women's  Board  voted  to  open  work  in  Africa  adjacent 
to  the  work  of  the  General  Mission  Board. 

1876  Miss  Emily  Beeken,  the  first  missionary  of  the  Wom- 
en's Board,  sailed  for  Africa,  November  16. 

1877  National  Association  authorized  by  General  Conference. 
1877     First  mission  station  opened  at  Rotifunk  in  the  Temne 

Country,   West   Africa. 
1880     Mission  in  Coburg,  Germany  opened  by  Women's  Board. 

1880  West  Africa  Annual  Conference  organized. 

1881  Association  incorporated  March,  28,  and  first  Board  of 
Trustees  elected. 

1882  First  issue  of  the  Women's  Evangel  published  in  Janu- 
ary. 

1882  Chinese   Mission  School  opened  in  Portland,  Oregon. 

1883  Office  for  the  Association  opened  in  the  United  Breth- 
ren Publishing  House. 

1883     First  Constitution  for  Young  Women's  Bands  adopted. 
1886     "The    Rufus    Clark    and    Wife    Training    School"    was 

founded  at  Shenge  bv  the  Home  Frontier  and  Foreign 

Missionary  Society. 

1888  The  "Mary  Sower's  Home  for  Girls"  erected  at  Roti- 
funk. 

1889  First  missionaries  sailed  for  China  and  mission  located 
in  Canton. 

1889     Mission  in  Germany  transferred  to  the   Home,  Frontier 

and   Foreign   Missionary   Society. 
1891     Medical  work  opened  in  Africa  mission. 
1891     First  medical  missionaries  sailed  to  China. 
1893     Woman's  Day  authorized  by  General  Conference. 


Some  Important  Dates  139 

1895  Japan  mission  opened  by  the  Home  Frontier  and 
Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

1898  Uprising  in  Africa  and  massacre  of  seven  missionaries. 
Property  destroyed. 

1899  First  missionaries  sent  to  Porto  Rico  by  the  Home 
Frontier  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  mission  lo- 
cated at  Ponce. 

1900  Cooperation  with  the  Doshisha  University,  Kyoto,  Japan 
for  the  training  of  Japanese  workers. 

1900  Work  in  Portland,  Oregon,  turned  over  to  local  church. 

1901  Elizabeth  Kumler-Miller  Seminary  opened  in  Canton, 
China. 

1901     First  missionaries  sailed  for  the  Philippine  Islands. 

1901  Girl's  Boarding  School  reopened  in  Africa  at  Moyamba. 

1902  Cooperation  in  Africa  agreed  upon  between  the  two 
mission  boards. 

1902  Japan  mission  conference  organized. 

1903  Porto  Rican  mission  conference  organized. 

1904  Albert  Academy  opened  in  Freetown,  West  Africa.  ^ 

1905  The  Home,  Frontier  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
dissolved  by  General  Conference,  and  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society  and  the  Home  Missionary  Society  organ- 
ized under  separate  boards. 

1907  Literature  Department  of  the  Association  organized. 

1908  China  mission  conference  organized. 

1908  Philippine  mission  conference  organized. 

1909  Cooperation  with  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  and 
with  the   Home  Missionary  Society  agreed  upon. 

1910  Work  opened  in  the  Kono  Country,  West  Africa. 

1911  The  Elizabeth  Kumler  Miller  Seminary  moved  to  Siu 
Lam. 

1910  The  Young  Women's  Bible  Training  School  opened  in 
San   Fernando,   Philippine   Islands. 

1911  Cooperation  with  other  missions  in  the  Philippines  in 
the  support  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary. 

1913  Mission  opened  in  New  Mexico  at  Velarde. 

1914  Girl's  Boarding  School  opened  at  Santa  Cruz,  New 
Mexico. 

1915  Thank-Offering  Department   created. 

1920  Mission  opened  in  the  Island  Santo  Domingo  in  co- 
operation with  other  denominations. 

WOMAN'S  DAY  SPECIALS 

1893  China. 

1894  Africa. 

1895  Bethany  Cottage,  Africa. 

1896  General  Fund. 

1897  Beth  Eden.  China. 
Hospital,  Africa. 


140        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 

1898  Chapel  and  Dispensary,  China. 

1899  Africa,  China,  New  work. 

1900  India. 

1901  Philippines. 

1902  Debt  of  Home,  Frontier  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

1903  Albert  Academy,  Africa. 

1904  Foundling   Home,    China. 

1905  Albert  Academy,  Africa. 

1906  Moyamba  Home,  Africa. 

1907  San   Fernando   Church,   Philippines. 

1908  China  Building  Fund. 

1909  Miller  Seminary,  China. 

1910  Deaconess  work  in    America. 

Rest   Homes,   Porto   Rico   and   Philippines. 

1911  Deaconess  work  in  America. 
Church,  Tokyo,  Japan. 

1912  Support  of  Deaconesses — America. 
Extension  of  work  in  our  five  foreign  fields. 

1913  Deaconesses  in  Home  stations,  churches,  schools,  hos- 
pitals and  mission  homes  in  our  foreign  fields. 

1914  Spanish-American   work  in   New   Mexico. 
Deaconess  work  in  Home  Mission  stations. 
Dispensary,  Educational  buildings,  chapels  and  mission- 
ary homes  in  our  foreign  fields. 

1915  Deaconesses. 
Spanish-Americans. 
Montana. 

Siu  Lam,  China. 
Miller  Seminary. 
Hospital. 
Missionary  Residences. 

1916  Deaconesses. 
Spanish- Americans. 
Montana. 

Miller  Seminary,   Siu   Lam,   China. 

1917  Chapel — Santa  Cruz,  New  Mexico. 

Building   for    Young   Women's    Bible    Training    School, 
San  Fernando,  Philippine  Islands. 

1918  Opening  work  in  strategic  centers  in  Montana. 
Equipping  Alcalde  Mission. 

Alissionary    Homes. 

1919  City  Alission  Fund. 

Enlarging   Moyamba   Home,   Africa. 

1920  City  Mission  Fund — America. 
Erection  of  Missionary  Residences. 

1921  Special  City  Missions — America. 
Moyamba  Home — Africa. 


Trustees  and  Officers  141 

OFFICERS 

Presidents 

Mrs.  T.   N.   Sowers 1875-1879 

Mrs.  Sylvia   Haywood 1879-1887 

Mrs.  L.   K.   Miller 1887-1905 

Mrs.  L.    R.    Harford 1905- 

General  Secretaries 

Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford 1875-1876 

Mrs.  B.    F.    Marot 1876-1881 

Mrs.  L.  R.  Harford 1881-1893 

Mrs.  B.    F.    Witt 1893-1909 

Mrs.  Alva  Kauffman 1909-1919 

Miss  Vera    Blinn 1919-1920 

Miss  Alice    Bell 1921- 

Recording  Secretaries 

Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike 1875-1881 

Mrs.  Benj.  I^Iarot 1881-1893 

Mrs.  B.  F.  Witt 1893-1897 

Mrs.  L.   O.    Miller 1897-1909 

Mrs.  H.    Z.    McFadden 1909-1911 

Mrs.  W.    O.    Fries 1911- 

Treasurers 

Mrs.  W.   J.   Shuey 1875-1881 

Mrs.  D.  L.  Rike 1881-1903 

Mrs.  B.    F.    Witt 1903-1909 

Mrs.  Alva  Kauffman 1909-1919 

Miss    Vera    Blinn 1919-1920 

Miss  Alice    Bell 1921- 

Evangel   Editors 

Mrs.  L.    R.    Keister    Harford 1882-1892 

Mrs.  L.    K.    Miller 1893-1904 

Mrs.  M.  R.  Albert   Hough 1905-1914 

Miss  Mabel  Drury 1914-1917 

Miss  Vera   Blinn 1917-1920 

Miss  Alice    Bell 1920-1921 


142        The  Women's  Missionary  Association 


Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 


TRUSTEES  AND  OFFICERS 

T.  N.  Sowers 1875-1880 

Sylvia   Haywood 1875-1886 

D.  L.  Rike 1875-1903 

W.  J.  Shuey 1875-1890 

L.   R.  Keister   Harford 1875-1876;  1880- 

O.    Hadley    Bridgeman 1875-1879 

Z.  A.  Colestock 1875-1876;  1878-1879 

Benj.     Marot 1876-1903 

W.  O.  Tobey 1876-1877;  1882-1883 

Thornton 1877-1878 

A.  L.  Billheimer 1879-1895 

E.  B.  Bierman 1879-1880;  1892-1893 

E.  B.  Kephart 1880-1881 

Lewis  Davis 1881-1882 

M.    E.    Sickafoose 1882-1883 

L.  K.  Miller 1882-1905 

E.  K.  Belong 1883-1888 

David   Edwards 1883-1892 

G.  P.   Macklin 1887-1888;  1903-1910 

A.  L.  Funk 1888-1889 

M.  A.  McFarlan 1888-1891 

E.    S.    Lorenz 1889-1891;  1905-1909 

B.  M.   Long 1890-1891 

Emma  Landis 1891-1892 

B.   F.   Witt 1891-1909 

J.  W.  Etter 1891-1895 

S.   A.   Funkhouser 1892-1906;  1907-1909 

Ellen  Groenendyke 1893-1899;  1905-1907 

M.  West 1895-1899;  1900-1905 

O.  Miller 1895-1896;  1897-1915 


W.  Keister 1896-1897 


D.  Faust 1899-1903 

B.    Haak 1899-1900 

E.  Custer 1903-1909 

H.  Leitzel 1903-1919 

S.  Hough 1906- 

Alva   Kauffman 1909-1921 

L.    H.    McFadden 1909-1911 

H.   B.   Spayd 1909-1915 

W.  O.  Fries 1909- 

J.  E.  Fout 1910- 

J.  P.   Landis 1911- 

A.   T.   Howard 1915- 

C.  M.  Coovcr 1915-1917 

Albert   Keister 1917- 

Oliver  Fridy 1919-1921 

J.    B.    Showers 1921- 

V.  O.  Weidler 1921- 


The  Women's  Missionary  Association        143 
TIME  AND  PLACE  OF  BOARD  MEETING 

1875  October  21 Dayton,  Ohio,  First  Church 

1876  May   11 Dayton,  Ohio,   First   Church 

1877  April  26 Dayton,  Ohio,  Summit  St. 

1878  May  1 Galion,  Ohio 

1879  May  21 Dayton,  Ohio,  First  Church 

1880  May   19 Fostoria,   Ohio 

1881  May    11 Western,    Iowa 

1882  May    24 Lebanon,    Pennsylvania 

1883  May   16 Westerville,   Ohio 

1884  May   16 Hartsville,   Indiana 

1885  May  7 Dayton,  Ohio,   First  Church 

1886  May   19 Huntington,   Ohio 

1887  May    20 Westfield,    Illinois 

1888  May    17 Toledo,    Iowa 

1889  May  8 Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania 

1890  May   21 Dayton,    Ohio,    Summit   St. 

1891  May  19 Decatur,  Illinois 

1892  May    11 Baltimore,    Maryland 

1893  May  9 Germantowm,  Ohio 

1894  May  23 Waterloo,  Indiana 

1895  May  15 Westfield,  Illinois 

1896  May  21 Mt.   Pleasant,  Pennsylvania 

1897  May  12 Lisbon,   Iowa 

1898  May    18 Westerville,    Ohio 

1899  May  17 Ft.  Wayne,  Indiana 

1900  May  17 Dayton,   Ohio,   First  Church 

1901  May  9 Hagerstown,   Maryland 

1902  May    13 Lecompton,    Kansas 

1903  May  26 Fostoria.   Ohio 

1904  May  18 Altoona,   Pennsylvania,  First  Church 

1905  May  9_--  Holton,   Kansas 

1906  May  22 Canton,    Ohio 

1907  May  15 Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  Alemorial  Church 

1908  May  26-29 Anderson,  Indiana 

1909  May  11-13 Akron,  Ohio 

1910  May  11-13 Dayton,  Ohio,  First  Church 

1911  May    16-19 Wilkinsburg,    Pennsylvania 

1912  May  9-13 Myerstown,  Pennsylvania 

1913  May  6-8 Bloomington,    Illinois 

1915     April    8-12 York,    Nebraska 

1917     May   8-11 lola,    Kansas 

1919     April    11-15 Scottdalc,    Pennsylvania 

1921     April  28— May  2 Bowling  Green,  Ohio 


MISSIONARY  DIRECTORY 

AFRICA 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

Emily    Beeken,    Ohio Olterbein Nov.,    1876—1878 

Mrs.  Mary  Mair,  Scotland.Oberlin Oct.,    1879— April,    1883 

Died  March,  1897 

Rev.  R.  N.  West,  Ind Lebanon  Normal Oct.,  1882— Feb.,  1886 

Ann    Arbor    Med.___Sept.,  1886— April,  1891 

Bonebrake Oct.,  1892— died  Sept., 

1894 

Mrs.  R.  N.  West,  Ohio___Smithville  Academy.Oct.,  1882— Feb.,  1886 

Bonebrake Sept.,  1886— April,  1891 

Oct.,  1892— Dec,  1894 
Rev.  W.  S.  Sage,  Ohio Bonebrake Sept.,  1887— Oct.,  1890 

Mrs.  W.  S.  Sage,  Ohio Smithville  Academy_Sept.,  1887— Oct.,  1890 

Bonebrake  

Ellen  Groenendyke,  Ind._^Hartsville  College___Oct.,    1889— April,    1893 

Oct.,  1900— May,  1902 
Frances   Williams,   Ind Otterbein Oct.,  1889 — died  July, 

Moody   Institute 1892 

Jacob  Miller,  Ind Bonebrake Nov.,  1890— Oct.,  1892 

Mrs.  Jacob  Miller,  Ohio—Bonebrake Nov.,  1890— Oct.,  1892 

M.   Hatfield,  M.  D.,  Ohio-Cincinnati    Sept.,   1891— Nov.,  1895 

Woman's    Medical      Oct.,  1897 — massacred 
College May,  1898 

Elma   Bittle,  Ohio Otterbein Sept.,   1891 — died  Aug., 

1892 

Ella  Schenck,  Ohio Classical   Academy__Sept.,  1891— Dec,  1894 

Eastern    Indiana         Oct.,  1897 — massacred 
Normal May,   1898 

Alice  Harris,  M.  D.,  lowa.Amity  College April,  1891— Oct.,  1892 

Wheaton    College 

Homeopathic  Med- 
ical  College 

I.   N.   Cain,  Mo Leander  Clark Oct.,  1892— June,  1896 

Oct.,  1897 — massacred 
May,  1898 

Mrs.   I.  N.   Cain,  Wis Leander  Clark Oct.,  1892— June,  1896 

Oct.,  1897 — massacred 
May.  1898 


146  Missionary  Directory 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

Lydia  Thomas,   Ohio Oct.,  1892— Dec,  1894 

P.    O.   Bonebrake,   Ore... -Leander  Clark Oct.,  1892—1893 

Bonebrake  

L.  O.  Burtner,  Va Amity  College Oct.,  1892— May,  1896 

Wheaton    College--_Sept.,    1897— May,    1898 

Mrs.  L.  O.  Burtner,   Pa._-Lebanon    Valley Oct.,   1892— May,   1896 

Sept.,  1897— May,  1898 

A.  T.   Howard,  Mich Otterbein Nov.,  1894— May,  1898 

Mrs.  A.  T.  Howard,  Ohio-Otterbein Nov.,  1894— May,  1898 

Florence  Cronise,  N.Y Private    tutors;    3      Nov.,  1894— May,  1898 

yrs.  in  Europe 

Otterbein 

Minnie   Eaton,  Ohio Otterbein Nov.,  1894— May,  1898 

Oct.,  1900— Jan.,  1904 
Nov.,   1904— June,    1907 
March,  1908— Oct.,  1910 
March,  1911— Oct.,  1913 
Mav,  1914— Nov.,  1917 
Dec,  1918— Aug.,  1921 

Mary  Archer,  M.D.,  lowa.Callanan  College Dec,   1895 — massacred 

Leander  Clark Alay,  1898 

King  Elec   MedicaL 

F.  Minshall,  Ontario Otterbein Oct.,  1896— June,  1898 

Mrs.  F.  Minshall,  Ind Otterbein Oct.,  1896— June,  1898 

L.  A.   McGrew,  Ohio Bonebrake March,  1896 — massacred 

May,  1898 

Mrs.  L.  A.  McGrew,  Ohio-Bonebrake March,  1896 — massacred 

A/[ay,  1898 

Arthur  A.  Ward,  Ind Leander  Clark Oct.,  1897— May,  1898 

J.   R.   King,   Pa Otterbein Nov.,  1894— Feb.,  1898 

Sept.,  1898— April,  1901 
Nov.,  1902— April,  1905 
Nov.,  1905— March,  1909 
Sept.,  1909— April,  1912 

Mrs.  J.  R.  King,  Ohio Otterbein Nov.,  1894— Feb.,  1898 

Sept.,  1898— April,  1901 
Nov.,  1902— April,  1905 
Nov.,  1905— March,  1909 
Sept.,   1909— April,   1912 

I.  E.  Albert,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Nov.,    1899— died   Nov., 

1902 

Airs.  I.   E.   Albert,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Nov.,   1899— May,   1903 

E.   E.   Todd,   Minn Leander  Clark Nov.,   1899— May,   1903 

Aug..   1904— died  Dec, 
1904 


Missionary  Directory  147 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

Mrs.   E.  E.  Todd,   Mass.— Northfield  Seminary  Nov.,   1899— May,   1903 

Moody    Aug.,  1904— May,  1907 

Nov.,  1907— July,  1910 
March.  1912— Sept.,  1914 
March,  1916— April,  1919 

E.  A.   King,  Iowa Lane    University Nov.,    1899 — May,    1901 

Mrs.   E.  A.  King,  Ind Lane    University Nov.,    1899— May,    1901 

S.  J.   Barakat,  Syria Syrian    Protestant      Oct.,  1900— Feb.,  1901 

College 

Baltimore  College  of 
Physicians    & 

Surgeons    

Mrs.  S.  J.   Barakat,  Md Oct.,  1900— Feb.,  1901 

Zenora  Griggs,  M.D.,  Calif.  Los   Angeles   Med-    Oct.,  1900— Feb.,  1904 

ical   College Nov.,   1904— Sept.,   1907 

March,   1908— March, 

1911 
Nov.,    1911— May,    1914 
Aug.,  1916— April,  1919 

W.  S.  Richards,  Kan Lane    University Feb.,  1901— Dec,  1902 

Mrs.  W.  S.  Richards,  Pa._Emporia    State  Feb.,   1901— Dec,  1902 

Normal     

Mary  E.  Murrell,  111 Otterbein Oct.,  1902— April,  1904 

Nov.,   1904— Jan.,  1906 

Rilla  Akin,  Wis Leander  Clark Oct.,   1902— April,    1905 

(Mrs.  H.  D.  Southard)  Nov.,  19C5— Sept.,  1908 

H.  D.  Southard,  N.Y Mt.  Hermon  SchooLMay,   1906— Sept.,   1908 

Bonebrake 

Clayton  W.  Snyder,  Ind.__Otterbein Sept.,    1903— Feb.,    1906 

>vlrs.   C.  W.   Snyder,   Pa.— Otterbein Sept.,  1903— May,  1905 

C.  Judy,  Ohio Otterbein Sept.,  1903— March,  1906 

Mrs.  C.  Judy,  111 Otterbein Sept.,    1903— Sept.,    1905 

W.    E.   Riebel,   111 Otterbein  — Sept.,    1903— July,    1905 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Riebel,  Ohio— Otterbein Sept.,    1903— died    Dec, 

1903 

Raymond  P.  Daugherty,  Pa.  Lebanon  Valley June,  1904 — Aug.^  1906 

Bonebrake June,  1907— Nov.,   1909 

Jan.,   1911— July,   1913 

Mrs.  R.  P.  Daugherty,  Ohio-Miami  Jacobs Jan.,   1911— July,   1913 

A.   Eliza  Akin,  Wis Leander   Clark Nov.,  1904— June,   1907 

June,  1908— May,  1910 
Dec,  1911— July,  1914 
March,  1915— Oct.,  1918 
Feb.,  1920 


148  Missionary  Directory 

Name— State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

E.    M.    Hursh,    Ohio Otterbein Nov.,  1905— May,  1908 

Jan.,   1909— Aug.,  1911 
Nov.,  1912— Sept.,   1915 
Aug.,   1916— Nov.,  1917 
May,  1920— Aug.,  1921 

Mrs.   E.   M.  Hursh,  Ind.— Otterbein Nov.,  1907— May,  1908 

Jan.,  1909— Aug.,  1911 
Nov.,  1912— Sept.,  1915 
Oct.,   1916— Nov.,  1917 
May,   1920— Aug.,   1921 

H.  T.  Miller,  Iowa Leander  Clark Nov.,    1906— May,    1908 

Nov.,  1908— May,  1911 
Nov.,  1911— May,  1913 
111  health. 

Mrs.  H.  T.  Miller,  Iowa__Leander  Clark Nov.,  1906— May,  1908 

Nov.,  1908— May,  1911 
Nov.,    1911— May,    1913 

Mary  E.  Stauffer,  Pa Cedar  Rapids  Dec,   1906— June,   1909 

Normal Dec,  1909— June,  1912 

E.  Kingman,    Mass March,  1907— Aug.  1909 

Feb.,  1910— Sept.,  1912 
March,  1916— May,  1918 

Alice    Dougherty,    Pa Good   Samaritan         June,   1907 — Nov.,  1909 

(Mrs.  J.  F.  Musselman)  Hospital Feb.,   1911— July,   1913 

Bonebrake Feb.,  1914— Feb.,  1917 

Julv,  1918— Aug.,  1920 

June,   1921 

J.  F.  Musselman,  Pa Union   Missionary      June,  1908 — Oct.,  1910 

Institute Feb.,   1911— July,  1913 

Feb.,  1914— Feb.,  1917 
July,    1918— Aug.,   1920 

June,   1921 

Ella   Shanklin,   Ohio Otterbein June,  1908— Feb.,  1911 

Moody  Bible  School  Oct.,  1911— March,  1914 
Sept.,    1909— June,    1912 

J.  Hal  Smith,  Iowa Christian   Worker's    Sept.,   1909— June,    1912 

Training  School  __March,    1913 — March, 
1915 
Accidentally  shot. 

Mrs.  J.  Hal  Smith,  Vt Houghton  Seminary  Sept..   1909— June,   1912 

March.  1913— Nov.,  1914 

F.  A.  Risley,  Mich Otterbein Dec,   1909— July,   1912 

Bonebrake June,    1913— Feb.,   1916 

Dec,  1918— Jan.,  1921 
Sept.,    1921 


Missionary  Directory  149 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

^Irs.  F.  A.  Risley,  Pa Otterbein June,  1913— Feb.,  1916 

Dec,   1918— Jan.,   1921 

W.  N.  Wimmer,  Kan Lane   University June,  1910 — Feb.,  1913 

Campbell    College  —Sept.,  1913— March,  1916 
Oct.,  1916— Aug.,  1920 
Sept.,   1921 

Mrs.  W.  N.  Wimmer,  Kan.  Campbell    College  __June,  1910— Dec,  1912 

May,  1914— March,  1916 
Aug.,  1919— Aug.,  1920 
Sept.,    1921 

Etta    Odle,    Ind Bonebrake June,    1910— Dec,    1912 

June,  1913— Sept.,  1915 
March,  1916— April,  1919 
May,  1920 

Morris  Goodrich,  Nebr Moody    July,   1912— May,   1914 

Philomath    

D.  E.  Weidler,  Pa Lebanon  Valley July,  1912— Dec,  1914 

Columbia  University  Oct.,  1915 — May,  1918 
Feb.,  1919— Aug.,  1921 

Mrs.  D.  E.  Weidler,  Ind.-Oberlin    Oct.,  1915— May,  1918 

Nyack    Missionary     Feb.,  1919 — Aug.,  1921 
Train'g    School 

Fanny  Shunk,  Ohio Otterbein Oct.,    1911— April,    1914 

(Mrs.  G.  M.  Richter)  Bonebrake Feb.,   1920 

G.  M.  Richter,  Pa Lebanon  Valley March,  1912— April,  1914 

Bonebrake Feb.,   1920 

Sarah  E.   Landis,   Pa Good  Samaritan  March,  1912 — Sept.,  1914 

Hospital 

Lebanon  

Mae  Hoerner,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Nov.,  1913— April,  1916 

State   College June,    1918— Nov.,    1920 

Lulu  Clippinger,  Pa Lebanon  Valley May,  1914 — Jan.,   1917 

July,   1918— May,   1919 
111 — Black   water   fever. 

Nora  Vesper,  Ohio Samaritan    Hospital   July,  1915 — May,  1918 

Ashland   Dec,  1918— Aug.,  1921 

D.  M.  Evans,  Pa Nvack   Missionary      July,    1915— May,    1918 

"Training    School— Dec,  1918— Jan.,  1921 
Nov.,   1921 

Mrs.  D.  M.  Evans,  N.Y.__Xvack  Missionary      Tulv,   1915 — May,   1918 

Training    School—Dec,   1918— Jan.,   1921 


150  Missionary  Directory 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

Jessie    Hoerner,    Pa School  of  Commerce  March,  1915 — Oct.,  1918 

Harrisburg    

E.  W.  Emery,  Ind Indiana    Central Oct.,   1915— May,  1918 

Mrs.  E.  W.  Emery,  Ind.__Indiana    Central Oct.,   1915— May,  1918 

Emma  Ney,  Pa University  of  Pa.       Aug.,   1916 — April,  1919 

Hospital     May,   1920 

H.   H.  Thomas,  Kan Campbell   Oct.,  1916— June,  1919 

May,  1920 

Mrs.  H.  H.  Thomas,  Kan.  Kansas   City  Univ.__May,   1920 


Naomi  Wilson,  Pa Indiana    Normal July,   1918— Aug.,  1920 

Grove   City   College-June,    1921 

Edith   Fridy,   Pa Millersville   NormaLFcb.,    1920 

Harry   Crim,  Va Lebanon   Valley July,   1920 

W.  N.  Martin,  Pa Lebanon   Valley Dec,   1920 

Mrs.  W.   N.   Martin,   Pa.-_Lebanon   Valley Dec,   1920 

Grace    Renn,    Pa Continuation  School,  Dec,   1920 

Philadelphia    

G.  T.  Rosselot,  Ind Otterbein Oct.,   1920- 


R    L.  Embree,  N.Y Union   College Nov.,  1918— Dec,  1919 

Schenectady,    N.Y.  —  Oct.,   1920 

Mrs.  R.  L.  Embree,  N.C._.-North   Carolina  Oct.,   1920 

State  Normal 

School  

Maud   Hoyle,   Ohio Bonebrake June,    1921 

City   Hospital, 

Springfield    

L.  B.  Mignerey,  Ohio Otterbein ___Dec,   1921 

University  of   Paris- 
Mrs.  L.  B.  Mignerey,  Ohio  Denison  University  -Dec,   1921 

WEST  AFRICA 

W   J.  Shuey,  Ohio Ohio  Conference 

Academy   Jan.,  1855— July,  1855 

Daniel  Kumler,  Pa Jan.,  1855— July,  1855 

D    K    Flickinger,  Ohio Germantown  Jan.,  1855 — May,  1857 

Seminary Dec,   1861— April,   1862 

W.  B.  Witt,  Ind Hartsville  College -- 

Cincinnati,   Medical 

College Dec,  1856— June,  1858 

J    K.  Billheimer,  Va Mt.  Pleasant  Dec,    1856— Feb.,    1858 

Academy    Feb..  1861— May,  1864 

Mrs.  J.  K.  Billheimer,  Ohio  Otterbein  University  Feb.,  1861— May,  1864 


Missionary  Directory  151 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

C.  O.  Wilson,  Ohio Sept.,  1860— Aug.,  1861 

O.   Hadley,   Ind Roanoke   Academy__Oct.,  1866 — April,  1869 

Died  a  few  weeks  after 
return 

Mrs.  O.  Hadley,  Ind Hartsville    College_-Oct.,  1866— April,  1869 

Oct.,  1871— June,  1874 

Joseph   Gomer,  Mich Nov.,  1870— Nov.,  1875 

Nov.,  1876— April,  1889 
Nov.,    1889— died    Sept., 
1892 

Mary  Gomer,  Ohio Nov.,   1870 — Nov.,   1875 

Nov.,    1876— April,    1889 
Nov.,   1889— May,   1894 

J.  A.  Evans,  Mich Michigan  Collegiate  Oct.,    1871— Aug.,    1873 

Institute April,   1875—1899 

Ivlrs.  J.  A.  Evans,  Va April,   1875—1899 

Peter  Warner,  Ohio April,   1873— Aug.,  1875 

Mrs.  Peter  Warner,  Ohio April,  1873— Aug.,  1875 

Joseph  Wolf,   Ohio Nov.,  1874— March,  1878 

Miss  L.  Bowman,  Ontario.Otterbein  University  Nov.,    1876 — Dec,    1877 

J.    M.    Lesher,   Pa Lebanon    Valley  Oct.,  1883— July,  1885 

College Sept.,  1886— May.  1887 

Mrs.  J.  M.   Lesher,  Pa Lebanon   Valley 

College Oct.,  1883— July,  1885 

CHINA 

Austia    Patterson,    Iowa__Leander  Clark Oct.,   1889 — May,  1894 

(Mrs.  H.  K.  Shumaker)  May,   1896— April,   1904 

H.K.Shumaker,M.D.OhiouHeidelberg  College__Oct.,    1897— April,    1904 

Starling  Medical 

College 

Lillian  Shaffner,  Pa Lebanon   Valley Oct.,  1889— Oct.,  1890 

S.  Lovinia  Halverson,  S.D..Leander  Clark Nov.,  1891 — April,   1897 

Iowa    State    Medical 

College 

Regina  Bigler,  M.D.,  Ohio-Iowa    State    Medical  Nov.,  1892— April,   1900 

College April,    1901— Nov.,    1908 

Aug.,    1909— Nov.,   1917 
Furlough   three  3^ears 
overdue 

July,   1918 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Fix,  Ind Leander  Clark Oct.,   1893— July,   1895 

Bonebrake  


152  Missionary  Dirfxtory 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

E.  E.  Fix,  Ind Leander  Clark Oct.,    1893— July,    1895 

Bonebrake  

E.   B.   Ward,   Ind Leander  Clark Dec,  1897— Sept.,  1902 

Sept.,  1904— July,  1910 
Oct.,  1911— July,  1916 
Aug.,  1917— May,  1920 

Mrs.  E.  B.  Ward,  Iowa--_Leander  Clark Dec,   1897— Sept.,   1902 

Sept.,  1904— July,  1910 
Oct.,   1911— July,  1916 
Aug.,  1917— May,   1920 
Dr.  Ruth  Thompson,  Ky._Woman's  Medical      Oct.,  1898 — resigned 

College  of  Pa Oct.,  1900 

O.  S.  Townsend,  Nebr Stanbery    Normal Feb.,    1902 — resigned 

Rush  Medical  Col-        Sept.,  1902 

lege  

C.  E.  Spore,  Ind General   Baptist  Sept.,  1902— April,  1907 

College Aug.,  1908— Feb.,  1914 

Mrs.  C.   E.   Spore,  Ind.___York  College Sept.,  1902— April,  1907 

Bonebrake Aug.,  1908— April,  1913 

E.    I.    Doty,    Iowa Leander  Clark Oct.,  1903— Nov.,  1908 

Mrs.  E.  L  Doty,  Wis Leander  Clark Oct.,   1903— Feb.,   1908 

B.  F.   Bean,   Ind Leander  Clark Sept.,   1905— May,    1912 

Otterbein 

Mrs.  B.  F.  Bean,  Ind Westfield  College___Sept.,   1905— May,    1912 

Univ.  of  Michigan,- 
Training  School  for 

Nurses    

Belle  Myers,  Ohio Toledo   Normal Sept.,  1905— July,  1911 

.     Aug.,  1912— May,  1918 
Aug.,  1919— June,  1921 

Frank  Oldt.  M.D.,  Ohio-.Otterbein Sept.,  1905— March,  1912 

Ohio  Medical  Uni-    Oct.,  1913— May,  1919 

versity    Aug.,    1921 

Mrs.  Frank  Oldt,  Ohio_.-Otterbein ?ept.,  1906— March,  1912 

Oct.,  1913— May,  1919 

Aug.,   1921 

Mabel    Drury,    Ohio Leander  Clark Sept.,    1910— Feb.,    1914 

Bonebrake 

Chicago  University  _ 

C.  W.   Shoop,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Oct.,   1912— July,   1917 

Bonebrake Aug.,   1918 

Mrs.  C.  W.  Shoop,  Pa Bonebrake Oct.,   1912— July,   1917 

Aug.,   1918 


Missionary  Directory  153 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

F.  W.  Davis,  Ohio__ Malone  Bible  School,  Oct.,  1912— May,  1918 

Cleveland    

Nyack  Missionary 
Training   SchooL- 

Mrs.  F.  W.  Davis,  Ohio— Nyack  Missionary      Oct.,  1912— May,  1918 

Training   SchooL- 

May  Dick,  Ohio Otterbein Sept.,   1914— May,   1920 

Aug.,  1921 

Hortense    Potts,    Ohio Otterbein Sept.,   1914— May,   1920 

Sept.,  1921 

C.  A.  Funk,  Pa Philadelphia  College  Oct.,  1916— Aug.,  1921 

of  Pharmacy 

Nyack   Bible    Insti- 
tute     

Mrs.   C.  A.   Funk,  Pa Nyack  Bible   Insti-    Oct.,  1916— Aug.,  1921 

tute    

Prof.  Stanley  Kintigh,  Mo._Campbell   College— Oct.,  1916— June,  1921 
Kansas   City  Univ.__ 

Mrs.  Stanley  Kintigh,  Ill.__Illinois  State  NormaLOct.,  1916— June,  1921 

Pearl   Bertch,  Kan Kansas  State  Normal  Aug.,  1919 

School ^ 

Kansas  City  Univ. — 
Scarritt  Bible  School 

Dr.  A.  D.  Cook Otterbein Transferred  from  P.   I. 

Western  Reserve  Oct.,  1919 

Med.   

Mrs.  A.  D.  Cook Otterbein Transferred  from  P.   I. 

Oct.,  1919 

J.  S.  Innerst,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Dec,  1919 

Bonebrake 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Innerst,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Dec,    1919 

Bonebrake 

Rev.  C.  E.  Burris,  Ohio. -Otterbein Oct.,  1920 

Bonebrake  

Mrs.  C.  E.  Burris,  Ohio-.Otterbein Oct.,  1920 

Ohio  University 

Bonebrake  

Miss  Esther  Schell,  Pa._..Lebanon  Valley Sept.,   1921 • 

Hahnenan  Hospital  _ 


154  Missionary  Dii^fxtory 

PHILIPPINES 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

E.   S.    Eby,    Ind Normal    School Feb.,  1901— Nov.,  1904 

Bonebrake Resigned. 

S.  B.  Kurtz,  Pa '\valon    College Feb.,    1901— April,    1902 

Bonebrake Resigned  to  enter  Y,  M. 

C.  A. 
Dec,  1906— April,   1912 
March,  1913— April,  1918 

Mrs.  S.  B.  Kurtz,  Ind Normal  School Dec,   1906— April,   1912 

March,  1913— April,  1918 

L.  O.  Burtncr,  Va Shenandoah  Sept.,  1901— Jan.,  1904 

Institute 

Bonebrake 

Mrs.   L.  O.  Burtner,  Pa.__Lebanon  Valley Sept.,  1901— Jan.,  1904 

PI.  W.  V/iddoes,  Kan Lane  University Sept.,  1903— March,  1909 

Central  College June,  1910— May,  1917 

June,   1918— April,   1921 
Dec,  1921 

Mrs.  H.  W.  Widdoes,  N.Y Sept.,  1903— March,  1909 

Tune,    1910— May,    1917 
Tune,  1918— April,  1921 
Dec,   1921 

M.   W.   Mumma,   Ohio Ohio  St-.te Oct.,    1904— June,    1909 

Jan.,  1910— Sept.,  1914 

Mrs.  M.W.  Mumma,  Ohio_Oberlin Oct.,  1904— Oct.,  1908 

Jan.,  1910— Sept.,  1914 

E.  J.  Pace,  Ohio Otterbein Nov.,    1905— Sept.,    1910 

April,  1912— March,  1915 

Mrs.    E.   J.    Pace,  N.Y Moody    Bible    Insti- 
tute     Nov.,    1905— Sept.,    1910 

Otterbein Sept.,  1912— March,  1915 

B.  M.  Piatt,  England Wheaton    College___Jan.,    1906 — resigned 

Chicago    College    of       June,   1907 
Physicians    and 

Surgeons    

Mrs.   B.   M.   Piatt,  Mass.-_Mt.  Holyoke  College  Jan.,   1906— June,   1907 

A.  B.  DeRoos,  Holland July,   1906— resigned 

Oct.    1907 

Mrs.  A.  B.  DeRoos,  Tex July,   1906— Oct.,   1907 

Maltilda  Weber,    Ohio Cincinnati Universityjune,  1910— March,  1915 

Chicago    Methodist    May,   1916— Oct.,   1920 

Training  School — 
Bonebrake 


Missionary  Directory  155 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

May    Cooley,    111 Bonebrake July,    1914— April,    1920 

(Mrs.  C.  C.  Witmer)  Oct.,   1921 

C.  C.  Witmer,  Pa Millersville  S.  N.  S._Nov.,  1915— April,  1920 

Franklin  &  Marshall  June,  1921 

University  of   Chica- 
go   

Agnes    Drury,    Ohio Otterbein Jan.,  1918— May,  1919 

Univ.  of  Chicago 

Ohio    State 

A.  D.  Cook.  Ohio Otterbein Aug.,    1918 

Western    Reserve Transferred    to    China 

Medical  University..     Oct.,  1919 

Mrs.   A.    D.    Cook,    Ohio—Otterbein Aug.,    1918 

Transferred    to    China 
Oct.,  1919 

Myrtle   Metzger,   Ohio Otterbein Aug.,    1919 

White    Bible    Train- 
ing   School    

Wayne  S.  Edwards,  Kan. .Kansas   State  Univ._Dec.,  1919 

Yale  Theo.  School__ 

E.    I.    Doty,    Iowa Leander  Clark Dec,    1919— Dec,    1920 

Illness. 

Mrs.  E.  I.  Doty,  Wis Leander  Clark Dec,   1919— Dec,   1920 

C.  E.  Rettew,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Nov.,    1920 

Bonebrake 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Rettew,  Pa.___Lebanon  Valley Nov.,    1920 

Bonebrake 

Clara  Mann,  111 Nurses'  Training        Nov.,    1920 

School  

Kelco    Hospital 

Harriet  Raymond,  Canada.Otterbein Nov.,    1920 

Miami   Business 

College 

Rev.  A.  D.  Smith,  Ind Indiana  Central Nov.,  1921 

Mrs.  A.  D.  Smith,  Ind Nov.,  1921 

JAPAN 

A.    T.    Howard,    Mich Otterbein Aug.,    1898— June,    1904 

Bonebrake Nov.,   1905— April,  1913 

Mrs.  A.  T.  Howard,  Ohio.Otterbein Feb.,   1899— Oct.,  1903 

Nov..    1905— Sept.,    1912 


156  Missionary  Directory 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

J.  Edgar  Knipp,  Md John  Hopkins'  Univ.  Aug.,  1900— Dec,  1903 

Boncbrake Feb.,  1915— May,  1920 

July,  1921 

Mrs.  J.  E.  Knipp,  Md Baltimore Aug.,  1900— Dec,  1903 

Kindergarten  Train- Feb.,  1915 — May,  1920 

ing   School July,  1921 

Joseph  Cosand,  Ind Normal    School July,  1901 — July,  1908 

June,  1909— July,  1915 
Jan.,    1916— April,    1920 

Mrs.  Joseph  Cosand,  Ind._Earlham  College July,  1901 — July,  1908 

June,  1909— July,  1915 
Died  Aug.,   1915 

Monroe   Crecelius,   Ind General  Baptist  Col-  Sept.,  1906 

lege   Died  Dec,   1907 

Bonebrake 

B.  F.  Shively,  Pa Otterbein Nov.,   1907— June,   1912 

Bonebrake Sept.,  1914 ^^ 

Mrs.  B.  F.  Shively,  Ohio.Otterbein Nov.,   1907— June,   1912 

Sept.,  1914 

Ellen    Moore,    Calif July,  1912— April,  1915 

Jan.,   1916— June,  1918 

Warren  Hayes,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Aug.,   1916— Sept.,   1921 

Otterbein 

Princeton 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Hayes,  Ohio__Otterbein Aug.,   1916— Sept.,  1921 

Floyd  Roberts,   Ind Otterbein Aug.,  1921 


PORTO  RICO 

N.    H.   Huffman,   Kan Lane  University July,  1899— April,  1902 

Bonebrake Aug.,  1904— April,  1909 

April,   1910— Dec,  1912 

Mrs.  N.  H.  Huffman,  Kan.  Lane  University July,  1899— April,  1902 

Bonebrake Aug.,   1904— April,  1909 

April,  1910— Dec,  1912 

E.  L.  Ortt,  Ohio Feb.,   1900—1901 

S.   S.   Board 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Ortt,  Ohio Feb.,   1900—1901 

N.  E.   Clymer,  Ohio Xorthv/estern  Univ._Oct.,  1900— May,  1902 

Baltimore  College  of 
Physicians  and 

Surgeons    

Mrs.  N.  E.  Clymer,  Ohio. .Northwestern  Univ._Oct.,  1900— May,  1902 


Missionary  Directory  157 

Name — State  Place  of  Education  Term  of  Service 

Philo  W.  Drury,  Iowa Leander  Clark Aug.,  1901— Aug.,  1913 

Bonebrake Sept.,   1914— Aug.,   1917 

Oct.,  1917— April,  1918 
Dec,  1918— June,  1921 
Sept.,    1921 

Mrs.   P.  W.   Drury,   lU.—Leander  Clark Aug.,    1901— Aug.,    1913 

Sept.,    1914— June,   1918 
Oct.,   1917— April,   1918 
Dec,  1918— July,  1920 
Sept.,   1921 

Elizabeth   Reed,   Pa Shippensburg May,  1907— Aug.,  1912 

State  Normal  SchooLJan.,  1913— May,  1918 
Dec,   1918— April,   1921 
July,  1921 

I.  E.  Caldwell,  Nebr York  College May,   1907— April,   1910 

Bonebrake Aug.,  1910— April,   1914 

Nov.,  1914— April,  1918 
Dec,  1918 

Mrs.  I.  E.  Caldwell,  Nebr._York  College May,  1907— April,  1910 

Bonebrake Aug.,  1910— April,  1914 

Nov.,  1914— April,  1918 
Dec,  1918 

C.  I.  Mohler,  Nebr York  College Sept.,  1908— Sept.,  1911 

Bonebrake Dec,  1911— April,  1915 

Oct.,  1915— May,  1919 
Dec,  1919 

Mrs.  C.  I.  Mohler,  Nebr.._York  College Sept.,  1908— Sept.,  1911 

Bonebrake Dec,  1911— April,  1915 

Oct.,  1915— May,  1919 
Dec,  1919 

NEW  MEXICO 
Velarde 

Mellie   Perkins,   Ind Campbell    College— Oct.,  1912— May,  1916 

Bessie  Haffner,  111 Sept.,  1913— May,  1916 

Irma  Moore,  111 Westfield  ColIege___Aug.,  1915— May,  1916 

Leila  Luckey,  Kan Campbell   College Oct.,  1916 — Aug.,  1918 

Emporia   Normal 

Aloody    

Mary  Brawner,   111 Bonebrake Aug.,  1915 

Anna   Hardy,   Ind Indiana  Central Aug.,   1919 

Santa  Cruz 

Mellie    Perkins Campbell   College Transferred  from 

Velarde 
Aug.,    1916— June,    1917 


158  Missionary  Directory 

Name — State  Place  of  Education         Term  of  Service 

Lillian   Kendig,  Pa Shippensburg  Aug.,    1916 

Normal 

Bonebrake  

Susanita  Martinez,  N.M. -.Allison-James  School  Aug.,  1916 — May,  1917 

Mrs.  Lillian  Markey,  Md Sept.,  1916— March,  1917 

Ruth    Smith,    Pa Shippensburg  Aug.,    1918 

Normal 

Wilson   College 

Rev.  W.  E.  Dye,  Ind Aug.,  1919— May,  1921 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Dye,  Ind Aug.,  1919— May,  1921 

Matie  Watts,   Kan Aug.,    1920 

Bessie  Wilhide,  Md Aug.,    1920 

Maude   LeFever,   Nebr York   College July,   1921 

J.  R.  Overmiller,  Kan Campbell  College July,   1921 — ■ 

Mrs.  J.  R.  Overmiller,  Kan.  Campbell  College July,   1921 

Bonebrake 

Alcalde 

Ella   Shanklin,    Ind Otterbein June,    1917— Aug.,    1919 

Aloody  Bible  Insti- 
tute     

Bertha  Wohlheiter,  Ind.. --Indiana  State  Aug.,   1918 

Normal  School 

Otterbein 

Lulu  Clippinger,  Pa Lebanon  Valley Aug.,  1920 


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